Dynamic modelling and simulation of activated sludge process using orthogonal collocation approach

Distributed parameter approach to the dynamics of complex biological processes

“…Since the evaluated Peclet numbers of the bioreactors are not considered to be too large for Ž . this process Arceivala, 1981;Lee et al, 1999a , 1. Most parameters should not be changed during calibration, since they do not vary significantly from case to case.…”

“…Justifications for this assumption have been detailed in an earlier publication Ž . Lee et al, 1999a . Equations 2 to 4 can be solved with the Ž .…”

“…rameter bioreactor model by Lee et al 1999b , it was concluded that selection of an appropriate numerical technique depends largely on the system's moving front, which is characterized by the Peclet number. Although good numerical properties such as accuracy, low computing time, and numerical stability are desirable, these may not be achievable due to factors such as limitation on the number of discretization allowed in a particular software.…”

“…Recently, a distributed parameter approach to the hydraulics of channel-type, continuous bioreactors has been addressed by Ž . the authors Lee et al, 1999a in a study on the dynamics of carbonaceous substrates, dissolved oxygen, and biomass within a conventional activated-sludge process. Using pilotscale experimental data, it has been shown that this approach is superior to the widely used tanks-in-series technique, and the transient properties of three components can be correctly Ž .…”

“…predicted by simulation. Lee et al 1999b further pointed out that their advanced hydraulics could be extended to model the BNR-activated-sludge bioreactor.…”