Dynamic Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem for Smart Waste Collection

Abstract

The rapid increase in urbanization results in an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste produced every day, causing overflow of the garbage cans and thus distorting the city’s appearance; for this and environmental reasons, smart cities involve the use of modern technologies for intelligent and efficient waste management. Smart bins in urban environments contain sensors that measure the status of containers in real-time and trigger wireless alarms if the container reaches a predetermined threshold, and then communicate the information to the operations center, which then sends vehicles to collect the waste from the selected stations in order to collect a significant waste amount and reduce transportation costs. In this article, we will address the issue of the Dynamic Multi-Compartmental Vehicle Routing Problem (DM-CVRP) for selective and intelligent waste collection. This problem is summarized as a linear mathematical programming model to define optimal dynamic routes to minimize the total cost, which are the transportation costs and the penalty costs caused by exceeding the bin capacity. The hybridized genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve this problem, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by extensive numerical experiments on instances given by Valorsul, with some modifications to adapt these data to our problem. Then we were able to ensure the effectiveness of our approach based on the results in the static and dynamic cases, which are very encouraging.

Using Simulated Annealing to Solve the Multi-Depot Waste Collection Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window and Self-Delivery Option

“…Erdem [28] and Erdinç et al [29] investigate route planning for waste collection with a fleet of electric vehicles, aiming to support a sustainable waste collection mechanism. The second improvement is the integration of a real-time technology, like the Internet of Things, to detect the condition of bins at collection sites [30][31][32][33]. The main purpose is to minimize the operational cost while maximizing the collected waste from the visited collection points [34][35][36][37].…”

Integrated Operation Centers in Smart Cities: A Humanitarian Engineering Perspective

“…A single-function IOC (SFIOC) is an IOC designed to offer only one service. Bouleft et al [62] proposed a cost-effective technique for waste collection that sends smart bins' status to an IOC. The IOC then uses a hybridized genetic algorithm (GA) to plan a cost-effective schedule containing the route for waste collection.…”

“…Then, the SIOC dispatches police to investigate the case further. Unconnected AIOC also finds application in solid waste management: In [62], the authors proposed an AIOC for waste collection in SC. The system consists of smart bins that send their status to an IOC.…”

“…Environmental Issues: IOCs have a significant environmental impact. Although some IOCs incorporate some environment-aware components in their decision making [37,62,68], many do not [99]. The data center and command center levels (see Figure 6) contribute the most impact [67,[101][102][103]: They consume large amounts of electricity, which contributes to carbon emissions and global warming; the data centers in the US (accounting for one quarter of global data centers) are responsible for 1.8% and 0.5% of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the country [104].…”

Waste Management in the Smart City: Current Practices and Future Directions

“…Utilising IoT and vehicle routing problem (VRP) concepts fosters a more efficient waste management system [17,95,146,147]. Real-time monitoring of waste bin fill levels through IoT devices leads to more effective collection routes.…”