Dynamic Processes Governing Lower-Tropospheric HDO/H
 2
 O Ratios as Observed from Space and Ground

Frankenberg, Christian; Yoshimura, Kei; Warneke, Thorsten; Aben, I.; Butz, A.; Deutscher, Nicholas M.; Griffith, David; Hase, Frank; Notholt, Justus; Schneider, Mat­thias; Schrijver, H.; Röckmann, Thomas

doi:10.1126/science.1173791

Cited by 208 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our basic retrieval approach for δD largely follows retrievals from SCIAMACHY (e.g., Frankenberg et al, 2005aFrankenberg et al, , 2008Frankenberg et al, , 2009) using the IMAP-DOAS (Iterative Maximum a Posteriori-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) algorithm (Frankenberg et al, 2005b) with instrument-specific adaptions and ECMWF meteorological data for pressure, temperature and a priori humidity profiles. CO 2 is the only interfering species, and the disk-integrated solar line-list is adapted from the full-physics CO 2 retrievals used for GOSAT (originally developed for TCCON retrievals).…”

Section: Hdo/h O Retrieval Setup From Gosatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also spatially sparse and discontinuous in time as it relies on rainy days. The SCIAMACHY instrument onboard the European research satellite Envisat was the first instrument to provide global retrievals of water isotopes with high sensitivity near the ground (Frankenberg et al, 2009). Such retrievals open the possibility of exploiting the potential of water isotopes to better understand the lower tropospheric water budget, such as the role of continental recycling or convection in this budget (Risi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

et al. 2013

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Remote sensing of the isotopic composition of water vapor can provide valuable information on the hydrological cycle. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of retrievals of the relative abundance of HDO (the HDO/H2O ratio) from the Japanese GOSAT satellite. For this purpose, we use high spectral resolution nadir radiances around 6400 cm−1 (1.56 μm) to retrieve vertical column amounts of H2O and HDO. Retrievals of H2O correlate well with ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) integrated profiles (r2 = 0.96). Typical precision errors in the retrieved column-averaged deuterium depletion (δD) are 20–40&permil;. We compare δD against a TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) ground-based station in Lamont, Oklahoma. Using retrievals in very dry areas over Antarctica, we detect a small systematic offset in retrieved H2O and HDO column amounts and take this into account for a bias correction of δD. Monthly averages of δD in the June 2009 to September 2011 time frame are well correlated with TCCON (r2 = 0.79) and exhibit a slope of 0.98 (1.23 if not bias corrected). We also compare seasonal averages on the global scale with results from the SCIAMACHY instrument in the 2003–2005 time frame. Despite the lack of temporal overlap, seasonal averages in general agree well, with spatial correlations (r2) ranging from 0.62 in September through November to 0.83 in June through August. However, we observe higher variability in GOSAT δD, indicated by fitted slopes between 1.2 and 1.46. The discrepancies are likely related to differences in vertical sensitivities but warrant further validation of both GOSAT and SCIAMACHY and an extension of the validation dataset

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Section: Hdo/h O Retrieval Setup From Gosatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

et al. 2013

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“…Tropospheric profile measurements have already been reported from ground and space by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy or other techniques (Kuang et al, 2003;Zakharov et al, 2004;Worden et al, 2006;Frankenberg et al, 2009; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Risi et al, 2010;Randel et al, 2012;Risi et al, 2012;Schneider et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne in situ vertical profiling of HDO / H216O in the subtropical troposphere during the MUSICA remote sensing validation campaign

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of water vapor (H 2 O) and its isotope ratio D/H expressed as δD(H 2 O) were measured in situ by the ISOWAT II diode-laser spectrometer during the MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water (MUSICA) airborne campaign. We present recent modifications of the instrument design. The instrument calibration on the ground as well as in flight is described. Based on the calibration measurements, the humidity-dependent uncertainty of our airborne data is determined. For the majority of the airborne data we achieved an accuracy (uncertainty of the mean) of (δD) ≈ 10 ‰. Vertical profiles between 150 and ∼ 7000 m were obtained during 7 days in July and August 2013 over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean near Tenerife. The flights were coordinated with ground-based (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change, NDACC) and space-based (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, IASI) FTIR remote sensing measurements of δD(H 2 O) as a means to validate the remote sensing humidity and δD(H 2 O) data products. The results of the validation are presented in detail in a separate paper (Schneider et al., 2014). The profiles were obtained with a high vertical resolution of around 3 m. By analyzing humidity and δD(H 2 O) correlations we were able to identify different layers of air masses with specific isotopic signatures. The results are discussed.

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“…As suggested by other studies [8][9][10] , rainfall during HS1 and the YD likely also increased in the western parts of the Zambezi catchment. However, plant waxes derived from these more inland parts would carry a much more depleted δD signal due to increased moisture rainout during long-distance transport 29 . We thus infer that longdistance transport of plant waxes by the Zambezi River is of minor importance.…”

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Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years

Schefuß

Kuhlmann

Mollenhauer

et al. 2011

Nature

252

215

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Climate changes reconstructed from Lake Malawi, the southernmost of the East African Great Lakes and located within the Zambezi catchment, point to arid conditions and strong northerly wind anomalies during Northern Hemisphere cold events such as the Younger Dryas (YD) 2,3 . It has been inferred that these periods represent southward shifts of the ITCZ 2,3,6 . Dry conditions during the YD and Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) in Lake Tanganyika, located closer to the equator in East Africa, were interpreted to have been caused by lowered Indian Ocean SST 4 . Recently, widespread drought conditions during HS1 in East Africa have similarly been suggested to be driven by cold conditions in the Indian Ocean 5 . Such interpretations are based on meteorological observations that modern rainfall in eastern and southern Africa is strongly related to high SST in the western and south-western Indian Ocean, respectively 7 . In contrast, Lake Chilwa located south-east of Lake Malawi, recorded high-stands, which appear to be solely associated with northern Hemisphere cold events 8 . Further westward in the interior of subtropical southern African, paleoenvironmental information is sparse. Age dating of dunes in western Zambia and western Zimbabwe points to dry conditions at 18-17,000, 15-14,000, 11-8,000, and 6-4,000 years 9 before present (BP) implying that non-dune building periods around 16,000 and from 13-12,000 years BP roughly correspond to the wet periods found at Lake Chilwa 8 . Paleo-shorelines and other geomorphologic evidence from the Central Kalahari point to the existence of an extended lake system around the time of During austral winter a high pressure system over southern Africa leads to dry conditions, except in a small winter rainfall zone at its south-western tip 6 . The Zambezi River is the fourth-largest river in Africa originating in Zambia and flowing south-eastward to the Indian Ocean. The upper Zambezi is separated from its lower part by the Victoria Falls. After flowing through a series of gorges, the river enters a broad valley and spreads out over a large floodplain in its lower part. About 150 km from the coast, the catchment narrows where the river flows through the eastern Rift mountains. Maximum rainfall in the catchment during the peak of the southward ITCZ migration occurs in this area 12 (Fig. 1b), periodically causing extensive flooding 13 .The floodplain is dominated by papyrus swamps (dominated by Cyperus papyrus, a C 4 plant) with lower importance of reed swamps (Phragmites and Typha, C 3 plants) 14 . 4 The C 4 plant dominance in the lower Zambezi floodplain is seen in the relative abundance of C 4 plants (Fig. 1c, d) 15 . Downstream from the Rift mountains, the Zambezi splits up into a flat and wide delta 13 . Woodlands, savannah and extensive mangrove forests (C 3 plants) vegetate the delta and coastal areas 14 .The 6.51 m long marine sediment core GeoB9307-3 (18°33.9'S, 37°22.8'E, 542 m water depth) was retrieved about 100 km off the Zambezi delta. The core location is in the zone of high deg...

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Dynamic Processes Governing Lower-Tropospheric HDO/H ₂ O Ratios as Observed from Space and Ground

Cited by 208 publications

References 30 publications

Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

Airborne in situ vertical profiling of HDO / H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O in the subtropical troposphere during the MUSICA remote sensing validation campaign

Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years

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Dynamic Processes Governing Lower-Tropospheric HDO/H 2 O Ratios as Observed from Space and Ground

Cited by 208 publications

References 30 publications

Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

Water vapor isotopologue retrievals from high-resolution GOSAT shortwave infrared spectra

Airborne in situ vertical profiling of HDO / H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;O in the subtropical troposphere during the MUSICA remote sensing validation campaign

Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years

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Product

Resources

About

Dynamic Processes Governing Lower-Tropospheric HDO/H ₂ O Ratios as Observed from Space and Ground

Airborne in situ vertical profiling of HDO / H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O in the subtropical troposphere during the MUSICA remote sensing validation campaign