Dynamic Proteome Alteration and Functional Modulation of Human Saliva Induced by Dietary Chemosensory Stimuli

Bader, Matthias; Dunkel, Andreas; Wenning, Mareike; Kohler, B. E. M.; Médard, Guillaume; Castillo, Estela del; Gholami, Amin Moghaddas; Küster, Bernhard; Scherer, Siegfried; Hofmann, Thomas

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02092

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In future studies, it should be tested whether optimized LPO-system-based lozenges in combination with additional agents (such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and fluorides or stimuli of the enzymatic activity by natural products such as 6-gingerol [ 53 ]) are able to improve the showed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

et al. 2021

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Background Antimicrobial agents are considered valuable adjuncts to mechanical methods of plaque control. However, their long-term use can be limited because of side effects. Therefore, using physiological substances is promising due to no risk of development, for example, of microbial resistances, allergies or DNA damaging. The lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system (LPO-system) is a highly effective antimicrobial system. This study aimed to evaluate in a randomized study with a four-replicate cross-over design the effectiveness of two oral hygiene lozenges containing LPO-system in oral hygiene. Results After using the mouth rinse as positive control (A) and allocated test lozenges (B) (0.083% H2O2) & (C) (0.04% H2O2) for 4 days instead of the normal oral hygiene procedures (tooth brushing etc.), Listerine rinse (A) was statistically significantly more effective than the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2, and the placebo lozenge (D) in inhibiting plaque. Lozenges B and C were statistically significantly more effective than the placebo lozenge, but no statistically significant differences could be observed between them. The LPO-system-lozenge (B) reduced statistically significantly more S. mutans than the LPO-system-lozenge with (C) and the placebo lozenge (D). The LPO-system-lozenge (C) reduced statistically significantly more Lactobacilli than Listerine (A), the LPO-system-lozenge (B) and the placebo lozenge (D). There were no statistically significant differences in the total CFUs between Listerine rinse, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2 (B), the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2 (C), and the placebo lozenge (D). On day 5 there were no differences of the OSCN−-values between all A, B, C, and D. However, the SCN−-values increased over the days in both LPO-system-lozenges (B/C). The statistically significant differences between B/C and A/D on day 5 were as followed: A to B p = 0.0268; A to C p = 0.0035; B to D p = 0.0051; C to D p = 0.0007. Only in the group of Listerine (A) increased the NO3−/NO2−-quotient over the test time, which indicates a reduction of nitrate-reducing bacteria. On Day 5 the statistically significant difference between A and B was p = 0.0123. Conclusions The results indicate that lozenges containing a complete LPO-system, inhibiting plaque regrowth and reducing cariogenic bacteria, may be used in the daily oral hygiene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

et al. 2021

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“…alleviation of nausea and vomiting [ 26 ]. Pungent 6-gingerol was shown to increase saliva flow in healthy humans by up to 60% [ 17 ]. The excitement observed in dogs chewing the ginger-dipped swab was short-lived; they seemed to react strongly to the first pungent taste and calmed down thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other substances or methods used were acetic acid, sucrose, sodium chloride, beef-flavored cotton ropes or beef-flavored hydrocellulose swabs [ 11 , 12 , 16 ]. One study in humans, reported the use of ginger with its pungent taste as a salivary stimulant [ 17 ]. So far, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no studies on using ginger as a salivary stimulant in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol in healthy dogs: a randomized cross-over study to evaluate different saliva stimulation methods and their effects on saliva volume and cortisol concentration

et al. 2021

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Background Salivary cortisol collected at home is a useful test to diagnose and monitor Cushing’s syndrome in humans. The main problem in dogs is to retrieve a sufficient amount of saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate different salivary collection methods and compare their effects on volume, pH and cortisol concentration of saliva. Sixteen healthy Beagles were used in a 4 × 4 randomized crossover study with a washout period of 1 week between each of the following collection methods: 1. Salimetrics® cotton swab dipped in ginger powder (ginger group); 2. beef-flavored Salimetrics® (bouillon group); 3. Salivette® cotton swab with an enclosed treat (treat group); 4. plain Salimetrics® (control group). First, baseline saliva (plain cotton swab, S0) and, 2 min later, experimental saliva (according to group allocation above, SExp) were collected. Saliva was gathered by holding the swabs in the animal’s mouth for 2 min. After the cross-over study, another saliva sample was collected from all dogs by the ginger method, using a 30 s sampling time (30s-ginger method). Cortisol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results All three stimulation methods increased saliva production significantly (S0 compared to SExp: ginger p = 0.0005; bouillon p = 0.009; treat p = 0.007). Only ginger stimulation, however, generated a significantly higher amount of saliva (SExp) compared to the control group (p = 0.00001; median (range) amount of saliva for SExp: ginger 1200 ul (600–1700), bouillon 650 ul (200–1900), treat 700 ul (300–1000), control 400 ul (0–1100)). The amount of saliva retrieved by the 30s-ginger method was still higher than that from the control group (p = 0.0004). Bouillon and treat stimulation led to decreased pH values (bouillon, p = 0.0028; treat, 0.0018). Excitement was higher in the ginger group (p = 0.01). Chewing was intensified in the ginger and treat group (ginger, p = 0.003; treat, 0.0009). The cortisol concentration SExp was higher compared to that of S0 in the ginger and treat group (p = 0.02, 0.003). The experimental cortisol concentrations (SExp) were not different between groups. Conclusions The 30s-ginger method could prove useful in evaluating or monitoring dogs with Cushing’s syndrome, as sampling at home for 30 s by the owner seems feasible.

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“…Annexin A1 and calgranulin A are upregulated in WMS through an inflammatory-like response after mouth rinsing with bitter, umami and sour tastants (40). Bader et al demonstrated the upregulation of lysozyme in saliva stimulated by citric acid rinse (41). The TRPV1 agonist 6-gingerol upregulated salivary sulfhydryl oxidase 1 resulting in reduced 2-furfurylthiol levels in exhaled breath and thus reduction in the perceived sulphur-like after-smell (42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonists of orally expressed TRP channels stimulate salivary secretion and modify the salivary proteome

Houghton

Carpenter

Hans

et al. 2020

Preprint

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41Natural compounds that can stimulate salivary secretion are of interest in developing treatments for 42 xerostomia, the perception of a dry mouth, that affects between 10 and 30% of the adult and elderly 43 population. Chemesthetic transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in the surface of 44 the oral mucosa. The TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and piperine have been shown to increase salivary 45 flow when introduced into the oral cavity but the sialogogic properties of other TRP channel agonists 46 have not been investigated. In this study we have determined the influence of different TRP channel 47 agonists on the flow and protein composition of saliva. 48 49Mouth rinsing with the TRPV1 agonist nonivamide or menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, increased whole 50 mouth saliva (WMS) flow and total protein secretion compared to unstimulated saliva, the vehicle control 51 mouth rinse or cinnamaldehyde, a TRPA1 agonist. Nonivamide also increased the flow of labial minor 52 gland saliva but parotid saliva flow rate was not increased. The influence of TRP channel agonists on 53 the composition and function of the salivary proteome was investigated using a multi-batch quantitative 54 mass spectrometry method novel to salivary proteomics. Inter-personal and inter-mouth rinse variation 55 was observed in the secreted proteomes and, using a novel bioinformatics method, inter-day variation 56 was identified with some of the mouth rinses. Significant changes in specific salivary proteins were 57 identified after all mouth rinses. In the case of nonivamide, these changes were attributed to functional 58 shifts in the WMS secreted, primarily the over representation of salivary and non-salivary cystatins 59 which was confirmed by immunoassay. 60 61This study provides new evidence of the impact of TRP channel agonists on the salivary proteome and 62 the stimulation of salivary secretion by a TRPM8 channel agonist, which suggests that TRP channel 63 agonists are potential candidates for developing treatments for sufferers of xerostomia.

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Dynamic Proteome Alteration and Functional Modulation of Human Saliva Induced by Dietary Chemosensory Stimuli

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

Salivary cortisol in healthy dogs: a randomized cross-over study to evaluate different saliva stimulation methods and their effects on saliva volume and cortisol concentration

Agonists of orally expressed TRP channels stimulate salivary secretion and modify the salivary proteome

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