Dynamic resistance training attenuate cardiac and renal oxidative stress profile in spontaneously hypertensive male rats

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Hypertension and physical inactivity being the main risk factors for its development and oxidative stress is largely related to the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension. In addition, the literature is scarce regarding the benefits of resistance training. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of dynamic resistance training (DRT) on oxidative stress of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). For this, 16 young SHR were divided into 2 groups (n = 8): SM ‐ sedentary males and TM ‐ trained males. They were submitted to the maximum effort test and trained for 8 weeks, and the SM group remained sedentary during the same period. Oxidative stress analyzes were performed on cardiac and renal tissue. As a result, the TM group increased physical capacity compared to the SM group (TM: 737±39.4 vs. SM: 476±50.3 g) and there was no difference in body weight (p=0.97). There was a reduction in lipoperoxidation only in cardiac tissue (TM: 6985±521 vs. SM: 9211±683 cps/mg protein), as well as protein oxidation (TM: 4.91±0.23 vs MS: 6.12±0.23 nmol/mg protein). Hydrogen peroxide was reduced only in renal tissue (TM: 6.83±1.78 vs. SM: 35.54±4.64 nmoles H2O2/g of tissue). There was no difference in the antioxidant enzyme catalase (p>0.05) but there was an increase in superoxide dismutase in both tissues (Heart: TM: 25.38±1.43 vs. SM: 20.08±1.53 USOD/mg protein; Kidney: TM: 7.71±0.22 VS. SM: 7.00±0.16 USOD/mg protein). In addition, the TM group increased the oxidized‐reduced glutathione ratio in cardiac tissue (TM: 11.32±0.47 vs. SM: 8.63±0.32). Thus, we can conclude that moderate‐intensity DRT was able to reduce oxidative stress, reducing target organ damage and increasing antioxidant defenses in a hypertension model. These findings, coupled with the well‐described benefits of aerobic exercise training, may contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Support or Funding Information FAPESP: 2015/10329‐5, CAPES.