Dynamical evolution of vertical profile of rain structures observed using ground-based radar over a tropical station

Abstract

In this study, measurements of vertical profiles of rain parameters have been made using vertically pointing micro rain radar (VPMRR) at Akure (7.30° N, 5.13° E). Rain parameter data collected over seven-month rainfall episodes during the intense rainy season (April to October) have been analyzed for a dynamical evolutionary trend over the site. Nearly all the episodes observed followed a similar pattern, hence, a single continuous rainfall episode occurring between 20:45:00 h and 21:14:00 h Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) local time on 6 th August 2018 is presented in this report. The results show no significant changes to the rain parameters (such as rain rate and liquid water content) nor contributed to the raindrop size distribution, based on average fall velocity of 6.55 m s −1 and rain rates within 1.3 and 2.6 mm h −1 . This is to enable a stable fall for the dominant drops during the period. Further, the results revealed the transformation and collision of smaller drops to enhance a stable fall of larger drops during the rain event. The information from the study will be useful for radar meteorologists and microwave engineers in their designs.

Facilitating learning adaptive V-tail of a supersonic missile for radar cross-section reduction during interval flight

“…Two particle search algorithm is established to optimize the RCS index of the vertical tail [ 31 ]. Multi-platform radar detection technology has wide applications in reconnaissance, terrain tasks, meteorological parameters and hydrological monitoring [ [32] , [33] , [34] ]. Cognitive radar systems and cognitive electronic warfare systems have been presented, and floating small targets and magnetic intercalation expansion models have been investigated [ [35] , [36] , [37] ].…”