Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response up to 10 months after infection

Wang, Hao; Yuan, Yu; Xiao, Mingzhong; Chen, Li; Zhao, Yumin; Zhang, Haiwei; Long, Pinpin; Zhou, Yue; Xu, Xi; Lei, Yanshou; Wu, Bobo; Diao, Tingyue; Cai, Hao; Liu, Li; Shao, Zuoyu; Wang, Jing‐Zhi; Bai, Yansen; Wang, Kai; Peng, Miao; Liu, Linlin; Han, Shi; Mei, Fanghua; Cai, Kun; Lei, Yake; Pan, An; Wang, Chaolong; Gong, Rui; Li, Xiaodong; Wu, Tangchun

doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00708-6

Cited by 49 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All participants who were identified as seropositive 2 months after the outbreak (n = 34) maintained the seropositivity for 6 months after the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This result is in agreement with many other studies demonstrating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for at least 6 months after infection [9,12,13,15,16,21,27]. More than one third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG, which indicates that IgM may persist for 6 months, thus providing additional confirmation that IgM is not a suitable marker for identifying early infection due to expected high falsepositivity for previously infected individuals [9,11,18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The seroconversion takes place 6-14 days after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection [3][4][5][6]. A significant increase in virus-specific antibody levels is observed at days 16-35 after the onset of symptoms [4,[7][8][9][10]. Some studies have reported that antibody levels peak within the first few months, then wane and remain stable for several months, indicating that the immunity may last longer [4,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Kučinskaitė-Kodzė

Simanavičius

Šimaitis³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: Dynamics of antibody responses were investigated after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a private company during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: Workers of a sewing company (Lithuania) with known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result during the outbreak (April 2020) were invited to participate in the study. Virus-specific IgG and IgM were monitored 2, 6 and 13 months after the outbreak via rapid IgG/IgM serological test and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG ELISA. Results: Six months after the outbreak, 95% (CI 86–99%) of 59 previously infected individuals had virus-specific antibodies irrespective of the severity of infection. One-third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG indicating that IgM may persist for 6 months. Serological testing 13 months after the outbreak included 47 recovered individuals that remained non-vaccinated despite a wide accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines. The seropositivity rate was 83% (CI 69–91%) excluding one case of confirmed asymptomatic reinfection in this group. Between months 6 and 13, IgG levels either declined or remained stable in 31 individual and increased in 7 individuals possibly indicating an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic. Conclusions: Detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies persist up to 13 months after infection for the majority of the cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Kučinskaitė-Kodzė

Simanavičius

Šimaitis³

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, longitudinal kinetics of viral-specific antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients is not fully clear and there have been contradicting reports regarding the persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Specifically, it was estimated that the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies can reach > 7 month 20 and some showing persistence over 10 months [21][22][23] . A recent study that examined long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) in the bone marrow estimated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune response in humans 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal kinetics of antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients over 14 months

Eyran

Vaisman-Mentesh

Dror

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Here, we describe the longitudinal kinetics of the serological response in COVID-19 recovered patients over the period of 14 months. The antibody kinetics in a cohort of 200 recovered patients with 89 follow up samples at 2-4 visits reveal that RBD-specific antibodies decay over the period of 14 month following the onset of symptoms. The decay rate is associated with the robustness of the response thus, recovered patients that exhibit elevated antibody levels at the first visit, experience faster decay. We further explored the longitudinal kinetics differences between recovered patients and naive BNT162b2 vaccinees. We found a significantly faster decay in naive vaccinees compared to recovered patients suggesting that the serological memory following natural infection is more robust compared to vaccination. Our data highlights the differences between serological memory induced by natural infection vs. vaccination, facilitating the decision making in Israel regarding the 3rd dose vaccination.

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“…Recent data from animal models, therapeutic use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma suggest the critical role of neutralizing antibody in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , while a key question yet to be addressed is whether COVID-19 convalescents could maintain long-lasting antibody mediated protective immunity. Studies have set out to investigate the dynamic change and longevity of both binding and neutralizing antibody response in COVID-19 convalescents 14,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] , and the results in a very recent study indicated that neutralizing antibody response in COVID-19 convalescents could maintain up to 300 days after symptoms onset (d.a.o) accompanied by waning of neutralizing antibody titers [29][30][31] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18.21263550 doi: medRxiv preprint be addressed is whether COVID-19 convalescents could maintain long-lasting antibody mediated protective immunity. Studies have set out to investigate the dynamic change and longevity of both binding and neutralizing antibody response in COVID-19 convalescents 14,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] , and the results in a very recent study indicated that neutralizing antibody response in COVID-19 convalescents could maintain up to 300 days after symptoms onset (d.a.o) accompanied by waning of neutralizing antibody titers [29][30][31] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent while declined neutralizing antibody responses in the convalescents of COVID-19 across clinical spectrum during the 16 months follow up

Yang

Peng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Elucidation the kinetics of neutralizing antibody response in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial for the future control of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination strategies. Here we tested 411 sequential plasma samples collected up to 480 days post symptoms onset (d.a.o) from 214 convalescents of COVID-19 across clinical spectrum without re-exposure history after recovery and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. COVID-19 convalescents free of re-exposure and vaccination could maintain relatively stable anti-RBD IgG and MN titers during 400~480 d.a.o after the peak at around 120 d.a.o and the subsequent decrease. Undetectable neutralizing activity started to occur in mild and asymptomatic infections during 330 to 480 d.a.o with an overall rate of 14.29% and up to 50% for the asymptomatic infections. Significant decline in MN titers was found in 91.67% COVID-19 convalescents with ≥ 50% decrease in MN titers when comparing the available peak and current MN titers (≥ 300 d.a.o). Antibody-dependent immunity could also provide protection against most of circulating variants after one year, while significantly decreased neutralizing activities against the Beta, Delta and Lambda variants were found in most of individuals. In summary, our results indicated that neutralizing antibody responses could last at least 480 days in most COVID-19 convalescents despite of the obvious decline of neutralizing activity, while the up to 50% undetectable neutralizing activity in the asymptomatic infections is of great concern.

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Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response up to 10 months after infection

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection

The longitudinal kinetics of antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients over 14 months

Persistent while declined neutralizing antibody responses in the convalescents of COVID-19 across clinical spectrum during the 16 months follow up

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