Dynamics of Ungulates Animals Under Modern Antopogenic Load in Forestry Facilities of Sumy Region

Abstract

Introduction. Hunting has long been considered the main form of human activity and the main source of its existence. With the development of civilization, the biological significance of hunting for man has been lost. Today , hunting is a traditional type of activity of the population and economic entities, hunting is a type of active recreation and sport, which in general forms an important component of forest use.Analysis of official statistics on the dynamics of the number of major species of hunting fauna over the past decades shows the spontaneous and inefficient management of hunting in almost all regions of Ukraine. Despite the minimal volumes of extraction of the main hunting animals, the number of their populations remains almost at the same level, and some species even decrease (Muraviov, 2019).Wild animals in their habitat are constantly under the influence of various factors -abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic, which determine the state of species populations. Such effects directly or indirectly change the number, fertility and mortality, seasonal movements, migration and immigration, morbidity, physical and physiological condition of hunting animals (Sobol, 2021 Panek, 2004.Anthropogenic pressure on the environment can be traced in the transformation of the main abiotic factors, especially climatic (temperature, light, humidity, radiation regime, pressure), which are the most variable. Increasing the temperature regime and reducing the amount of precipitation contribute to an increase in the frequency of dry winds, heat and sudden changes in temperature during the day (Adamenko, 2006). Temperature in general affects the distribution of some species through the forage base.Anthropogenic impact is manifested through the intensification of agricultural production (the use of highly toxic chemicals to control unwanted organisms), high plowing of land, reclamation measures, which ultimately led to a decrease in the forage base of ungulates and habitats of other hunting animals. Currently, plowed land in Ukraine is the largest in the world, reaching 56% of the total area, and 80% of agricultural land (Apostol, 2020; FAO).A. V. Domnich, I. O. Smirnova, D. O. Buglo, V. V. Petrichenko (Domnich, 2010;Smirnova et al., 2011) studied the features of the transformation of natural habitats of hunting fauna. In the forest-steppe zone, similar studies were conducted by Korzh (Korzh & et al., 2006), Katysh (Katysh, 2016.Human actions in the natural environment, conscious or unconscious, often cause stress in wild animals, which can lead to significant physiological changes in Modern Challenges of Agrarian Transformations In Ukraine:Agriculture, Forestry And Horticulture