Dynamiques paradigmatiques des agricultures écologisées dans les communautés scientifiques internationales

Abstract

Résumé -Les interrogations sur la modernisation agricole ne sont pas nouvelles, comme l'atteste la profusion de qualifications de l'agriculture issue de mouvements sociaux ou de la recherche. Elles proposent des réformes plus ou moins radicales et/ou conceptuellement construites de l'agriculture. Nous décrivons l'émergence de ces conceptions dans l'arène scientifique internationale pour caractériser leur nature paradigmatique puis les conditions de leur émergence. Après un inventaire des formes d'agriculture écologisées dans la littérature scientifique internationale, nous montrons les spécificités de chaque forme ainsi que les tendances communes du domaine qu'elles constituent. Même si les qualifications se différencient par leur dynamique et leurs attachements institutionnels, une convergence paradigmatique issue d'emprunts à la pensée écologique apparaît. Nous discutons les liens de ces recherches à des facteurs renvoyant à la relation entre activité scientifique et institutions politiques. Abstract -Paradigmatic dynamics of ecologized agricultures in international scientific communities.Agricultural modernization has been challenged for many years as shown by the emergence of terms giving new qualifications to agriculture (organic, sustainable…). Such proposals arising from social movements or scientific communities are more or less radical and grounded on conceptual points of view. We describe the emergence of the concepts of ecologized forms of agriculture within the international scientific arena to characterize the kind of paradigm shift they imply as well as the characteristics of their emergence. By using textual analysis and scientometrics, we identify and examine the main ecologized conceptions of agriculture in international scientific literature (CAB and Web of Science databases). We show the specificities of each conception as well as their common intellectual ground. Even though the conceptions identified differ in terms of dynamics and institutional characteristics, most show a paradigmatic convergence based on their use of postulates and concepts from ecology. We also identify some strong links between the (non-)development of many of these conceptions and socio-political supports or institutional constraints.

Institutionalizing Agroecology in France: Social Circulation Changes the Meaning of an Idea

“…To study the emerging semantics around agroecology, we considered the investment of different actors in the construction and the existence of such a formula, as conceptualized by Krieg-Planque [25], even though other forms pre-existed (alternative, organic, sustainable, etc.) [26]. Agroecology is also an oxymoron, i.e., the association of apparently contradictory words, agronomy, and ecology, which induces polysemy.…”

Faire pâturer, Faire société, durablement

“…Les paradigmes candidats à proposer des alternatives existent. « Dans le grand marché des mots pour penser le changement » (Ollivier & Bellon, 2013 : 173), l'un d'eux est aujourd'hui beaucoup utilisé : agroécologie. La notion ne renvoie toutefois pas à un seul et unique projet.…”

Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social em Foco-Volume 14

“…No Brasil, Brandenburg (2002), identificou-se três importantes fases: i) a emergência de um movimento contra a industrialização da produção agrícola; ii) o surgimento de novos grupos e de formas de organização social; iii) a institucionalização da agricultura ecológica, acompanhada por uma diluição parcial de seus princípios. Contudo, atualmente, observamos um quarto momento de redefinição e de recomposição de diferentes versões da agricultura alternativa, no qual a agroecologia ocupa um lugar importante e influencia outras agriculturas e o desenvolvimento rural (Ollivier & Bellon, 2013).…”