Dysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs in gynecologic cancers

Abstract

Cancers of the female reproductive system include ovarian, uterine, vaginal, cervical and vulvar cancers, which are termed gynecologic cancer. The emergence of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are believed to play a crucial role in several different biological processes, has made the regulation of gene expression more complex. Although the function of lncRNAs is still rather elusive, their broad involvement in the initiation and progression of various cancers is clear. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of cancers of the female reproductive system. LncRNAs play a critical physiological role in apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, migration and cell proliferation in these cancers. Different expression profiles of lncRNAs have been observed in various types of tumors compared with normal tissues and between malignant and benign tumors. These differential expression patterns may lead to the promotion or suppression of cancer development and tumorigenesis. In the current review, we present the lncRNAs that show a differential expression between cancerous and normal tissues in ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers, and highlight the associations between lncRNAs and some of the molecular pathways involved in these cancers.

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

“…The identity and characteristics of lncRNAs dysregulated in EEC, including MALAT1, HOTAIR, SRA, H19, OVAAL, RP11395G12.3, LA16313D11.11, CASC2, ASLNC04080, and ENST0000050294 were reviewed (Takenaka et al 2016). The roles and functions of selected lncRNAs, i.e., MALAT1, HOTAIR, H19, MEG2, CCA2, ANRIL, OCAL, BC2200, and CUDR in cancers of the female reproductive system including endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers were recently reviewed (Hosseini, et al 2017). H19 is a well-studied imprinted, maternallyexpressed lncRNA that encodes miR-675 and is overexpressed in breast, HCC, prostate, colorectal, esophageal, bladder, and many other cancers, but is downregulated in adrenocortical neoplasms (reviewed in (Huarte 2015)).…”

lncRNA DLEU1 contributes to tumorigenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma by targeting mTOR

“…lncRNAs are different from mRNAs, which are a group of ribonucleic acids more than 200 nucleotides and challenge the classical central dogma of molecular biology. They involve in processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, and others features of tumors through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post‐transcriptional routes such as modifying histones, interfering with the transcription of the target protein and binding to the protein into a nucleic acid protein complex, despite they cannot be translated to proteins …”

“…They involve in processes including proliferation, invasion, migration, and others features of tumors through epigenetic, wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mc transcriptional, and post-transcriptional routes such as modifying histones, interfering with the transcription of the target protein and binding to the protein into a nucleic acid protein complex, despite they cannot be translated to proteins. 4,5 In the existing studies, lncRNA DLEU1 as a new research focus, is closely related to the tumor. Most studies have revealed that there is deletion of DLEU1 gene that maps to a region at chromosoma 13q14.3 in some solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies, such as atypical or classical spindle cell lipomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and small lymphocytic lymphoma.…”

Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 and Long Noncoding RNA TMPOP2 Mutually Upregulated Gene Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells

“…lncRNAs are crucial regulators in various biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and death. Quite a few lncRNAs have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in cervical cancer cells, and they were supposed to play important roles in the progression of cervical cancer and be potential diagnostic biomarkers (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”