Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions impair diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients

Abstract

Background Pre-clinical studies suggest that dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions during mechanical ventilation may cause acute diaphragm dysfunction. We aimed to describe the variability in diaphragm contractile loading conditions during mechanical ventilation and to establish whether dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions are associated with the development of impaired diaphragm dysfunction. Methods In patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for pneumonia, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute brain injury, airway flow and pressure and diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) were recorded hourly around the clock for up to 7 days. Dyssynchronous post-inspiratory diaphragm loading was defined based on the duration of neural inspiration after expiratory cycling of the ventilator. Diaphragm function was assessed on a daily basis by neuromuscular coupling (NMC, the ratio of transdiaphragmatic pressure to diaphragm electrical activity). Results A total of 4508 hourly recordings were collected in 45 patients. Edi was low or absent (≤ 5 µV) in 51% of study hours (median 71 h per patient, interquartile range 39–101 h). Dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading was present in 13% of study hours (median 7 h per patient, interquartile range 2–22 h). The probability of dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading was increased with reverse triggering (odds ratio 15, 95% CI 8–35) and premature cycling (odds ratio 8, 95% CI 6–10). The duration and magnitude of dyssynchronous post-inspiratory loading were associated with a progressive decline in diaphragm NMC (p < 0.01 for interaction with time). Conclusions Dyssynchronous diaphragm contractions may impair diaphragm function during mechanical ventilation. Trial registration MYOTRAUMA, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03108118. Registered 04 April 2017 (retrospectively registered).