E. & J. DAVIS TRANSPORT LTD. v. D. CHATTAWAY AND OTHERS

Abstract

July 27, 1972 Master and Servant — Redundancy — Dismissal — Wage agreement dispute — One day strike by employees — Company's refusal of work on old terms — Refusal of new terms — Dismissals — Whether lock‐out — Repudiation of employees' contracts — Whether redundancy self‐induced.

X‐HESS: A large sample of highly accreting serendipitous AGN under the XMM‐Newton microscope

“…Preliminary results from X‐HESS indicate that: The $$$ \Gamma -\log {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ distribution of high‐$$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ AGN is characterized by a large scatter in terms of $$$ \Gamma $$$, showing values of the photon index less steep than those expected from previously reported correlations (e.g. Brightman et al 2013; Liu et al 2021; Risaliti et al 2009; Shemmer et al 2008), in agreement with what we found in our recent X‐ray spectroscopic analysis of a sample of fourteen high‐$$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ AGN Laurenti et al (2022). Remarkable spectral and flux variations are observed in the first X‐HESS sources we have already analyzed.…”

“…For instance, a long‐standing issue consists in the existence of a positive correlation between the photon index of the X‐ray power‐law continuum $$$ \Gamma $$$ and $$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$, implying a very steep continuum (i.e., $$$ \Gamma >2 $$$) is a prerogative of AGN with $$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ $$$ \kern0.3em \gtrsim 0.3 $$$ (e.g. Brightman et al 2013; Fanali et al 2013; Huang et al 2020; Liu et al 2021; Risaliti et al 2009; Shemmer et al 2008). This is often explained in terms of an enhanced UV emission from the disc, that improves the efficiency of the radiative cooling in the X‐ray corona and, consequently, leads to the reduction of the electron temperature, resulting in an overall steepening of the power‐law continuum.…”

“…This is often explained in terms of an enhanced UV emission from the disc, that improves the efficiency of the radiative cooling in the X‐ray corona and, consequently, leads to the reduction of the electron temperature, resulting in an overall steepening of the power‐law continuum. The discovery of such a strong dependence of $$$ \Gamma $$$ on $$$ \log $$$ $$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ (i.e., $$$ \Gamma \sim 0.3\kern0.3em \times \kern0.3em \log {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}}+2 $$$; e.g., Shemmer et al (2008); Risaliti et al (2009); Brightman et al (2013)) elicited immediate interest due to its possible application in X‐ray extragalactic surveys, as it would allow to estimate the $$$ {M}_{\mathrm{BH}} $$$ for AGN with a reliable measurement of $$$ \Gamma $$$, including type‐2 AGN, for which commonly used 'single‐epoch' $$$ {M}_{\mathrm{BH}} $$$ estimators are not applicable. However, Trakhtenbrot et al (2017) questioned the existence of a strong correlation between $$$ \Gamma $$$ and $$$ {\lambda}_{\mathrm{Edd}} $$$ reporting only a very weak correlation after analyzing a large sample of low‐$$$ z $$$ ($$$ 0.01<z<0.5 $$$) sources with broadband X‐ray spectra from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey.…”