E-CARP: An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for UWSNs in the Internet of Underwater Things

Abstract

With the advance of the Internet of Underwater Things, smart things are deployed under the water and form the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), to facilitate the discovery of vast unexplored ocean volume. A routing protocol, which is not expensive in packets forwarding and energy consumption, is fundamental for sensory data gathering and transmitting in UWSNs. To address this challenge, this paper proposes E-CARP, which is an enhanced version of the C hannel-Aware Routing Protocol (CARP) developed by S. Basagni et al., to achieve the location-free and greedy hop-by-hop packet forwarding strategy. Generally, CARP does not consider the reusability of previously collected sensory data to support certain domain applications afterwards, which induces data packets forwarding which may not be beneficial to applications. Besides, the PING-PONG strategy in CARP can be simplified for selecting the most appropriate relay node at each time point, when the network topology is relatively steady. These two research problems have been addressed by our E-CARP. Simulation results validate that our technique can decrease the communication cost significantly and increase the network capability to a certain extent.

Strategies to handle heterogeneity prevalent within an IOT based network

“…For the practical realization of IOT, machine to machine communication should be efficiently organized with the support of cognitive radio technology which plays a crucial role in today's radio technology. Another such network layer routing protocol is Channel-Aware Routing Protocol (CARP), detailed in Z.Zhou [15] which effectively works for underwater communication. Due to its light weight packet feature, IOT applications uses CARP considering the link quality.…”

An Evolutionary Secure Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Internet of Things

“…In 2016, ZhangBing et al [23] have embraced the Enhanced -Channel-Aware Routing Protocol (E-CARP) to make the organization of Internet of Underwater Things. The standard goal considered in this experimentation was the accomplishment of modest information sending and less vitality utilization framework.…”

A Routing Protocol Based on Received Signal Strength for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)

“…The node broadcasts a "ping" packet to search a route, which consumes a lot of energy. To improve the energy efficiency, Zhang et al proposed E-CARP [16]. In E-CARP, the most recently used node is preferentially selected as the next-hop.…”