E151 (sym15), a pleiotropic mutant of pea (Pisum sativum L.), displays low nodule number, enhanced mycorrhizae, delayed lateral root emergence, and high root cytokinin levels

Jones, James Mc; Clairmont, Lindsey; Macdonald, Emily S.; Weiner, Catherine; Emery, R. J. Neil; Guinel, Frédérique C.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erv201

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…truncatula (Truong et al, 2014) and Pisum sativum (Jones et al, 2015), where arbuscule proliferation appears analogous to what we have observed upon CO treatment. A few hypotheses can be made to explain this, each of which deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Exogenous Co Application Promotes Am Developmentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Volpe

Carotenuto

Berzero

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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During the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the fungus and the host plant exchange chemical signals that are crucial to reciprocal recognition. Short-chain chitin oligomers (CO) released by AM fungi are known to trigger symbiotic signaling in all host plant species tested. Here we applied exogenous CO, derived from crustacean exoskeleton, to pot-grown Medicago truncatula inoculated with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae and investigated root colonization, plant gene regulation and biomass production. CO treatment strongly promoted AM colonization with significant increases in arbuscule development, biomass production and photosynthetic surface compared to untreated mycorrhizal plants. Gene expression analyses indicated that CO treatment anticipated the expression of MtBCP and MtPT4 plant symbiotic markers, during the first two weeks post inoculation. Altogether, our results provide evidence that plant treatment with symbiotic fungal elicitors, anticipated and enhanced AM development, encouraging the use of CO to promote AM establishment in sustainable agricultural practices.

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Section: Exogenous Co Application Promotes Am Developmentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Volpe

Carotenuto

Berzero

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…Given that CK signaling plays a key role in nodule organogenesis, 12 and in lateral root formation, 17,18 we decided to identify which, if any, steps of CK biosynthesis were impacted by NF, by quantifying various forms of CK at 5, 10 and 16 d after the beginning of the treatments, following the protocol described by others. [19][20][21] Total CK content was decreased by drought in all tissues, although higher in nodules than in roots, which is in agreement with studies in soybean 22 or in other species. [23][24][25] When NF was applied under water stress conditions, CK content increased as soon as 5 d after the treatment in all plant organs (leaves, roots and nodules) till the end of the experiment (Fig.…”

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confidence: 91%

Nod factor supply under water stress conditions modulates cytokinin biosynthesis and enhances nodule formation and N nutrition in soybean

Prudent

Salon

Smith

et al. 2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Nod factors (NF) are molecules produced by rhizobia which are involved in the N-fixing symbiosis with legume plants, enabling the formation of specific organs called nodules. Under drought conditions, nitrogen acquisition by N-fixation is depressed, resulting in low legume productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of NF supply on nitrogen acquisition and on cytokinin biosynthesis of soybean plants grown under drought. NF supply to water stressed soybeans increased the CK content of all organs. The profile of CK metabolites also shifted from t-Z to cis-Z and an accumulation of nucleotide and glucoside conjugates. The changes in CK coincided with enhanced nodule formation with sustained nodule specific activity, which ultimately increased the total nitrogen fixed by the plant.

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“…Several pea symbiotic mutants have their ITs halted within the epidermal cell base. Pssym16 ( Guinel and Sloetjes, 2000 ) and Pssym15 ( Jones et al, 2015 ) are two such mutants; they are also known to accumulate cytokinins ( Table 1 ). Interestingly, Mtcre1 ( Gonzalez-Rizzo et al, 2006 ) and Ljhit1-1 ( Murray et al, 2007 ), two mutants defective in cytokinin sensing, have a majority of their ITs also blocked in the epidermis.…”

Section: Nodulation and Ethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene, a Hormone at the Center-Stage of Nodulation

Guinel

2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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Nodulation is the result of a beneficial interaction between legumes and rhizobia. It is a sophisticated process leading to nutrient exchange between the two types of symbionts. In this association, within a nodule, the rhizobia, using energy provided as photosynthates, fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium which is available to the plant. Nodulation is recognized as an essential process in nitrogen cycling and legume crops are known to enrich agricultural soils in nitrogenous compounds. Furthermore, as they are rich in nitrogen, legumes are considered important as staple foods for humans and fodder for animals. To tightly control this association and keep it mutualistic, the plant uses several means, including hormones. The hormone ethylene has been known as a negative regulator of nodulation for almost four decades. Since then, much progress has been made in the understanding of both the ethylene signaling pathway and the nodulation process. Here I have taken a large view, using recently obtained knowledge, to describe in some detail the major stages of the process. I have not only reviewed the steps most commonly covered (the common signaling transduction pathway, and the epidermal and cortical programs), but I have also looked into steps less understood (the pre-infection step with the plant defense response, the bacterial release and the formation of the symbiosome, and nodule functioning and senescence). After a succinct review of the ethylene signaling pathway, I have used the knowledge obtained from nodulation- and ethylene-related mutants to paint a more complete picture of the role played by the hormone in nodule organogenesis, functioning, and senescence. It transpires that ethylene is at the center of this effective symbiosis. It has not only been involved in most of the steps leading to a mature nodule, but it has also been implicated in host immunity and nodule senescence. It is likely responsible for the activation of other hormonal signaling pathways. I have completed the review by citing three studies which makes one wonder whether knowledge gained on nodulation in the last decades is ready to be transferred to agricultural fields.

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E151 (sym15), a pleiotropic mutant of pea (Pisum sativum L.), displays low nodule number, enhanced mycorrhizae, delayed lateral root emergence, and high root cytokinin levels

Abstract: HighlightThe phenotype of the E151 pea mutant, unique among known legume mutants, provides the first evidence for a promoting role for cytokinins in the development of the mycorrhizal symbiosis.

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Nod factor supply under water stress conditions modulates cytokinin biosynthesis and enhances nodule formation and N nutrition in soybean

Ethylene, a Hormone at the Center-Stage of Nodulation

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