Early adolescents show enhanced acute cocaine‐induced locomotor activity in comparison to late adolescent and adult rats

Badanich, Kimberly A.; Maldonado, Antoniette M.; Kirstein, Cheryl L.

doi:10.1002/dev.20252

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this group, cocaine increased locomotor activity on the first day of treatment, and this effect progressively increased over subsequent days of testing. These findings are consistent with a large number of studies examining the locomotor effects of cocaine after acute (Waddell and Holtzman, 1998;Badanich et al, 2008) and repeated (Laviola et al, 1995;Sabeti et al, 2003) administration. Effects of Opioids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effects of Repeated Opioid Administration on Locomotor Activity: I. Opposing Actions of μ and κ Receptors

Smith¹,

Greene-Naples²,

Lyle³

et al. 2009

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Repeated administration of many addictive drugs leads to a progressive increase in their locomotor effects. This increase in locomotor activity often develops concomitantly with increases in their positive-reinforcing effects, which are believed to contribute to the etiology of substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in sensitivity to the locomotor effects of opioids after their repeated administration and to determine the role of and receptors in mediating these effects. Separate groups of rats were treated with opioid receptor agonists and antagonists every other day for 10 days, and changes in locomotor activity were measured. Repeated administration of the agonists, morphine and buprenorphine, produced a progressive increase in locomotor activity during the treatment period, and this effect was blocked by coadministration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone. The agonist spiradoline decreased locomotor activity when administered alone and blocked the progressive increase in locomotor activity produced by morphine. The ability of spiradoline to block morphine-induced increases in locomotor activity was itself blocked by pretreatment with the antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Repeated administration of high doses, but not low or moderate doses, of the mixed / agonists butorphanol, nalbuphine, and nalorphine produced a progressive increase in locomotor activity during the treatment period. Doses of butorphanol, nalbuphine, and nalorphine that failed to produce a progressive increase in locomotor activity when administered alone did so when subjects were pretreated with nor-binaltorphimine. These findings suggest that and receptors have functionally opposing effects on opioid-mediated locomotor activity and sensitization-related processes.Locomotor activity after psychotropic drug administration has long been of interest to behavioral pharmacologists in general and substance abuse researchers in particular. The reasons for this interest can be traced to the fact that the anatomical structures and neurotransmitter systems mediating locomotor activity overlap those that mediate positive reinforcement and reward (for review, see Wise, 1987;Tzschentke, 2001). Because of this overlap, a careful examination of locomotor activity after drug administration can shed light on the neuropharmacological basis of substance abuse and other addictive behaviors.Opioid analgesics produce a stereotypical pattern of locomotor activity that has been well characterized. After systemic administration, -opioid agonists initially produce a transient decrease in locomotor activity that gradually dissipates over the course of 60 to 120 min, which is then followed by an increase in locomotor activity lasting several hours (Babbini and Davis, 1972;Buxbaum et al., 1973). Sensitivity to both the initial decrease and the subsequent increase in locomotor activity changes after the repeated administration of opioids, such that the initial decrease becomes gradually smaller, and the subsequent increase becom...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effects of Repeated Opioid Administration on Locomotor Activity: I. Opposing Actions of μ and κ Receptors

Smith¹,

Greene-Naples²,

Lyle³

et al. 2009

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Similar to what is seen with the D2 agonists, there is an increase as the animals approach 20-35 days of age and then a decrease to the adult values ( fig. 6 d) [Spear and Brake, 1983;Collins and Izenwasser, 2004;Caster et al, 2005Caster et al, , 2007Kirstein, 2005, 2007;Frantz et al, 2007;Badanich et al, 2008;Parylak et al, 2008;Smith and Morrell, 2008]. These data support a D2 over D1 predominance in locomotion and possibly mRNA at the time periods where we see negative rCBV responses to cocaine or MPH, indicating the functional predominance of the D2 effects.…”

Section: Meta-analysis Of Literature Datasupporting

confidence: 72%

Pharmacologic Neuroimaging of the Ontogeny of Dopamine Receptor Function

Chen

Choi

et al. 2010

Dev Neurosci

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Characterization of the ontogeny of the cerebral dopaminergic system is crucial for gaining a greater understanding of normal brain development and its alterations in response to drugs of abuse or conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacological MRI (phMRI) was used to determine the response to dopamine transporter (DAT) blockers cocaine and methylphenidate (MPH), the dopamine releaser D-amphetamine (AMPH), the selective D1 agonist dihydrexidine, and the D2/D3 agonist quinpirole in young (<30 days old) and adult (>60 days old) rats. In adult rats, cocaine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) or MPH (2 mg/kg) induced primarily positive cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes in the dopaminergic circuitry, but negative rCBV changes in the young animals. Microdialysis measurements in the striatum showed that young rats have a smaller increase in extracellular dopamine in response to cocaine than adults. The young rats showed little rCBV response to the selective D1 agonist dihydrexidine in contrast to robust rCBV increases observed in the adults, whereas there was a similar negative rCBV response in the young and adult rats to the D2 agonist quinpirole. We also performed a meta-analysis of literature data on the development of D1 and D2 receptors and the DAT. These data suggest a predominance of D2-like over D1-like function between 20 and 30 days of age. These combined results suggested that the dopamine D1 receptor is functionally inhibited at young age.

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“…Adolescents have also been reported to show enhanced cocaineinduced locomotor activity relative to late adolescent and adult rats (Badanich and Kirstein, 2004;Badanich et al, 2008). In another study, no clear effect of nicotine on locomotion was, however, found in adolescent rats, while similar doses in late adolescence and adulthood suppressed locomotion (Belluzzi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Behavioral Consequences of Repeated Nicotine During Adolescence in Alcohol‐Preferring AA and Alcohol‐Avoiding ANA Rats

Kemppainen

Hyytiä

Kiianmaa

2009

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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These findings provide no or little support for the views that adolescent animals are more sensitive to the neurobehavioral effects of repeated exposure to nicotine and that exposure to nicotine in adolescence may contribute to enhanced vulnerability to ethanol abuse. Furthermore, genetic predisposition to high or low ethanol self-administration does not seem to be a factor that influences individual vulnerability to the neurobehavioral effects of repeated administration of nicotine.

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Early adolescents show enhanced acute cocaine‐induced locomotor activity in comparison to late adolescent and adult rats

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

The Effects of Repeated Opioid Administration on Locomotor Activity: I. Opposing Actions of μ and κ Receptors

The Effects of Repeated Opioid Administration on Locomotor Activity: I. Opposing Actions of μ and κ Receptors

Pharmacologic Neuroimaging of the Ontogeny of Dopamine Receptor Function

Behavioral Consequences of Repeated Nicotine During Adolescence in Alcohol‐Preferring AA and Alcohol‐Avoiding ANA Rats

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