Early Age Thermal Conditioning and a Dual Feeding Program for Male Broilers Challenged by Heat Stress

Basilio, Vasco De; Vilariño, M.; Yahav, S.; Picard, Michel

doi:10.1093/ps/80.1.29

Cited by 80 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Heat exposure at warm ambient temperature (Ta = 36-38 o C) for 24 hours at 5 days of age, a technique described as "early age thermal conditioning" (TC), durably increases the broiler's resistance to heat stress without negative effects on growth and feed conversion [2,3,26,28]. Similar results have been obtained under real and simulated tropical conditions [10,11] in the laboratory and also under practical broiler production in the tropics [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In the third experiment, the effects of two distinct Ta were tested on the same criteria between 30 and 40 days of age. One experimental treatment consisted in limiting the daily maximal Ta to 31 o C although the control chickens were exposed to natural climatic variations up to a maximum of 36 o C. Feed [10] and water were provided ad libitum and lighting was constant throughout the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does early thermal conditioning sometimes fail to improve the resistance of broilers to heat stress?

et al. 2002

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-Early age thermal conditioning (TC) by exposing young chicks to 40o C for 24 hours reduces body temperature (Tb) and improves long-term broiler resistance to heat stress. Three experiments were performed under semi-controlled tropical environmental conditions to evaluate the factors affecting TC efficacy. The addition of infrared bulbs during TC reduced growth and increased water intake compared to gas heaters at similar ambient temperatures (Ta). TC consistently reduced the Tb of chickens at 7 and 40 days of age independently of the heat source (-0.22 o C on average). During heat stress after 40 days of age, significant reduction in mortality was observed in the TC chickens when only gas heaters were used in the second experiment. The use of infrared bulbs during the first week of age never resulted in reduced mortality. The third experiment demonstrated late acclimatization when chickens were exposed to natural climatic conditions (Ta varying daily from 26 to 36 o C) compared to maximal Ta limited to 31 o C by air-conditioning from 30 to 40 days of age. Chickens exposed to natural climatic conditions had lower Tb (-0.16 o C) and resisted heat stress at 38 ± 2 o C at 41 days of age, although 12.6% of the air-conditioned chickens died. The TC effects were maintained on Tb in late acclimatized chickens but no differences in mortality due to TC occurred during heat stress. Inconsistencies between TC experiments arise from an imprecise definition of TC and heat stress conditions, and from the environmental conditions perceived by chickens after TC, which can induce late acclimatization. Persistent reductions in Tb after TC have been consistently measured but these might not be directly responsible for resistance to heat stress. Conversely, of the 525 heat stressed chickens studied during the 3 experiments, 64% of those who had a Tb lower than 40.8 o C at 4 days of age (prior to TC exposure) survived heat stress although only 47% of the chicks having a Tb higher than 40.8 o C at 4 days did. Further research is warranted on the Tb of newly hatched chicks. Résumé -L'acclimatation précoce échoue-t-elle parfois à renforcer la résistance des poulets de chair à un stress thermique chaud ? L'acclimatation précoce (TC) qui consiste à exposer des jeunes poussins à 40 o C pendant 24 heures, fait baisser la température corporelle (Tb) et améliore durablement la résistance des poulets de chair à un coup de chaleur. Trois expériences conduites dans un environnement tropical semi-contrôlé évaluent des facteurs de variation de l'efficacité de TC. Par rapport à une source unique de chaleur au gaz pendant TC, l'adjonction d'ampoules infra rouges a diminué la croissance et augmenté la consommation pour une même température ambiante (Ta). Quelle que soit la source de chaleur, Tb mesurée à 7 et 40 jours d'âge, était toujours diminuée par TC (-0,22 o C en moyenne). TC n'a réduit la mortalité pendant un stress thermique après l'âge de 40 jours que lorsqu'il était appliqué avec des éleveuses à gaz au cours de la seconde expérien...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does early thermal conditioning sometimes fail to improve the resistance of broilers to heat stress?

et al. 2002

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“…Effect of sequential feeding on growth in geese (8.6% CP, 3530 kcal ME/kg) from 0900 to 1600 h, they had less weight gain, poorer FE and similar feed intake compared with the broilers subjected to the control feeding (20.7% CP, 3198 kcal ME/kg) (De Basilio et al, 2001). Broilers received a control diet from 1200 to 2330 h and then a low-protein and isocaloric diet (about 2% CP lower than the control diet) from 0030 to 1200 h had lower nitrogen intake, the same feed intake and weight gain compared with the controls, but had a higher feed conversion rate (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A lot of researchers tried to resolve some problems using alternating feeding system. For examples, De Basilio et al (2001) offered broilers high-energy low-protein diet during the warmer phase of the day and high protein diet during the cooler phase to decrease the heat stress from the thermogenic effect of protein. Penz and Jensen (1991) offered highprotein diet during the early hours of the day when the protein requirement is greater during albumen formation and low-protein diet during the remainder hours to meet the protein requirement of laying hens more closely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sequential feeding with low- and high-protein diets on growth performances and plasma metabolite levels in geese

Chen

Yang

2015

Animal

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This study was conducted by two trials to investigate effects of sequential feeding with low-and high-protein diets on growth traits and plasma metabolites in geese. In Trial I, the effect of sequential feeding under time-restricted feeding system was investigated. Seventy-two White Roman goslings were randomly allotted into either sequential feeding (S1) or control feeding (C1) group. All goslings were fed for 1 h at morning and at evening, respectively, from 2 to 8 weeks of age. S1 group was offered 13% CP diet at morning and 19% CP diet at evening. C1 group was offered the same diet (16% CP; mixed equally with the two diets mentioned above) at both morning and evening. Blood samples were hourly collected for 4 h after feeding at both morning and evening for the determination of the postprandial plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and uric acid at the end of experiment. Results showed that BW, average daily gain (ADG), and daily feed intake (FI) were not different between groups, but the feed efficiency (FE) in S1 group was significantly higher than that in C1 group ( P < 0.05). The areas under curve (AUC) of plasma postprandial levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and uric acid were not affected by treatment, but the AUC of triacylglycerol and uric acid in morning were lower than those in evening ( P < 0.05). In Trial II, the effect of sequential feeding under ad libitum feeding system was investigated. Twenty-four goslings were randomly allotted into either sequential feeding (S2) or control feeding (C2) group. Diets were altered at 0600 and 1800 h, respectively, and geese were fed ad libitum from 4 to 8 weeks of age. S2 group was offered 14% CP diet at morning and 20% CP diet at evening. C2 group was supplied the same diet (mixed with the two diets according to the ratio of diets consumed by S2 group on the preceded day) at both morning and evening. Results showed that the ADG in S2 group was higher than those in C2 group ( P < 0.05). Summarized data from both trials showed that sequential feeding improves daily gain and FE in growing geese.

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“…To reduce the endogenous production of heat in poultry under heat stress, V. De Basilio et al [26] recommend using two diets: during the hottest period of the day it is a diet with higher (by 4-5 %) fat content and lower (by 2-4 %) amounts of crude protein, in the cooler period it is a diet with a reduced fat content and a higher crude protein proportion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY. II. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PREVENTION AND ALLEVIATION (review)

Фисинин¹,

Kavtarashvili²

2015

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tAn adverse effect of heat stress in poultry depends on both the external factors such as diet, water supply, rearing technology, birds' population density, air humidity and flow rate, etc., and the internal factors, particularly, poultry species and breed specificity, physiological conditions, etc. Herein, the approaches to prevention and alleviation of heat stress in poultry are summarized and discussed. Different strategies were proposed for lowering of body heat production and for better heat dissipation, thus maintaining productivity and product quality and minimizing losses for poultry farms. These strategies include the increase in energetic level of a diet in accordance with decrease in feed consumption due to stress (N.J. Daghir, 2009) and inclusion of higher (up to 4-5 %) levels of fat (B.L. Red, 1981; N. Usayran et al., 2001; A.A. Ghazalah et al., 2008); decrease by 2-4 % of dietary crude protein (Q.U. Zaman et al., 2008) and carbohydrate levels (metabolization of fat produces less heat than protein and carbohydrates) (N

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Early Age Thermal Conditioning and a Dual Feeding Program for Male Broilers Challenged by Heat Stress

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Does early thermal conditioning sometimes fail to improve the resistance of broilers to heat stress?

Does early thermal conditioning sometimes fail to improve the resistance of broilers to heat stress?

Effects of sequential feeding with low- and high-protein diets on growth performances and plasma metabolite levels in geese

HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY. II. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PREVENTION AND ALLEVIATION (review)

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