Early asymmetric cues triggering the dorsal/ventral gene regulatory network of the sea urchin embryo

Cavalieri, Vincenzo; Spinelli, Giovanni

doi:10.7554/elife.04664

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Abundant comparative evidence exists for other euechinoid taxa as well, including Lytechinus variegatus (Lv) (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) and Paracentrotus lividus (Pl) (38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Data from these indirectdeveloping euechinoids indicate that although these taxa diverged from one another ∼90 mya (9, 43), very little appreciable change to their developmental GRNs has accrued (44)(45)(46).…”

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confidence: 99%

Divergence of ectodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory network linkages in early development of sea urchins

Erkenbrack

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are assemblages of gene regulatory interactions that direct ontogeny of animal body plans. Studies of GRNs operating in the early development of euechinoid sea urchins have revealed that little appreciable change has occurred since their divergence ∼90 million years ago (mya). These observations suggest that strong conservation of GRN architecture was maintained in early development of the sea urchin lineage. Testing whether this holds for all sea urchins necessitates comparative analyses of echinoid taxa that diverged deeper in geological time. Recent studies highlighted extensive divergence of skeletogenic mesoderm specification in the sister clade of euechinoids, the cidaroids, suggesting that comparative analyses of cidaroid GRN architecture may confer a greater understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of developmental GRNs. Here I report spatiotemporal patterning of 55 regulatory genes and perturbation analyses of key regulatory genes involved in euechinoid oral-aboral patterning of nonskeletogenic mesodermal and ectodermal domains in early development of the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides. These results indicate that developmental GRNs directing mesodermal and ectodermal specification have undergone marked alterations since the divergence of cidaroids and euechinoids. Notably, statistical and clustering analyses of echinoid temporal gene expression datasets indicate that regulation of mesodermal genes has diverged more markedly than regulation of ectodermal genes. Although research on indirectdeveloping euechinoid sea urchins suggests strong conservation of GRN circuitry during early embryogenesis, this study indicates that since the divergence of cidaroids and euechinoids, developmental GRNs have undergone significant, cell typebiased alterations.gene regulatory network | echinoderms | sea urchin embryogenesis | embryonic axis specification | echinoids

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confidence: 99%

Divergence of ectodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory network linkages in early development of sea urchins

Erkenbrack

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In this regard, we have shown in P. lividus that the Hbox12 homeodomain repressor is expressed by prospective dorsal ectoderm cells, spatially facing and preceding the onset of nodal transcription, where it acts preventing the ectopic activation of nodal expression [51][52][53][54]. Functional analysis revealed that expression of hbox12 and nodal genes are mutually exclusive and both required for DV polarization.…”

Section: Nodal-expressing Organizing Centrementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Functional analysis revealed that expression of hbox12 and nodal genes are mutually exclusive and both required for DV polarization. In fact, overexpression of Hbox12 specifically attenuates nodal transcription, while loss of Hbox12 function allows broad ectopic expression of nodal, and in both the experimental assays the resulting embryos do not acquire DV polarity [53,54]. Intriguingly, Hbox12 is functionally upstream of p38, being specifically involved in the transient inactivation of the kinase in dorsal blastomeres [53].…”

Section: Nodal-expressing Organizing Centrementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the requirement for Hbox12 in DV axis specification has thus far only been established in the P. lividus species [53,54]. Available evidence indeed indicates that there is no hbox12 orthologue in S. purpuratus, and that the closest homolog of hbox12 in the latter species is pmar1 [51,53], which is instead involved in micromere lineage specification [86].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, overexpression of Hbox12 specifically attenuates nodal transcription, while loss of Hbox12 function allows broad ectopic expression of nodal, and in both the experimental assays the resulting embryos do not acquire DV polarity [53,54]. Intriguingly, Hbox12 is functionally upstream of p38, being specifically involved in the transient inactivation of the kinase in dorsal blastomeres [53]. Therefore, not only hbox12 is the earliest known zygotic gene differentially expressed along DV axis, but it also represents the foremost negative regulator allowing competence for spatial positioning of the DV organizer.…”

Section: Nodal-expressing Organizing Centrementioning

confidence: 99%

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Symmetry Breaking and Establishment of Dorsal/Ventral Polarity in the Early Sea Urchin Embryo

Cavalieri

Spinelli

2015

Symmetry

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Abstract:The mechanisms imposing the Dorsal/Ventral (DV) polarity of the early sea urchin embryo consist of a combination of inherited maternal information and inductive interactions among blastomeres. Old and recent studies suggest that a key molecular landmark of DV polarization is the expression of nodal on the future ventral side, in apparent contrast with other metazoan embryos, where nodal is expressed dorsally. A subtle maternally-inherited redox anisotropy, plus some maternal factors such as SoxB1, Univin, and p38-MAPK have been identified as inputs driving the spatially asymmetric transcription of nodal. However, all the mentioned factors are broadly distributed in the embryo as early as nodal transcription occurs, suggesting that repression of the gene in non-ventral territories depends upon negative regulators. Among these, the Hbox12 homeodomain-containing repressor is expressed by prospective dorsal cells, where it acts as a dorsal-specific negative modulator of the p38-MAPK activity. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing the establishment of DV polarity in sea urchins, focusing on events taking place in the early embryo. Altogether, these findings provide a framework for future studies aimed to unravel the inceptive mechanisms involved in the DV symmetry breaking.

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Zebrafish models for personalized psychiatry: Insights from individual, strain and sex differences, and modeling gene x environment interactions

Volgin

Yakovlev

Demin

et al. 2018

J of Neuroscience Research

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Currently becoming widely recognized, personalized psychiatry focuses on unique physiological and genetic profiles of patients to best tailor their therapy. However, the role of individual differences, as well as genetic and environmental factors, in human psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood. Animal experimental models are a valuable tool to improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology and its molecular mechanisms. Due to high reproduction capability, fully sequenced genome, easy gene editing, and high genetic and physiological homology with humans, zebrafish (Danio rerio) are emerging as a novel powerful model in biomedicine.Mounting evidence supports zebrafish as a useful model organism in CNS research.Robustly expressed in these fish, individual, strain, and sex differences shape their CNS responses to genetic, environmental, and pharmacological manipulations. Here, we discuss zebrafish as a promising complementary translational tool to further advance patient-centered personalized psychiatry. K E Y W O R D Sgene-environment interactions, individual differences, personalized psychiatry, zebrafish | 403 VOLGIN et aL.

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Early asymmetric cues triggering the dorsal/ventral gene regulatory network of the sea urchin embryo

Cited by 30 publications

References 64 publications

Divergence of ectodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory network linkages in early development of sea urchins

Divergence of ectodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory network linkages in early development of sea urchins

Symmetry Breaking and Establishment of Dorsal/Ventral Polarity in the Early Sea Urchin Embryo

Zebrafish models for personalized psychiatry: Insights from individual, strain and sex differences, and modeling gene x environment interactions

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