Early detection and effective management of refractive anomalies in children and adolescents: Perspectives, challenges, and barriers to intervention

Abstract

This review paper analyzes the results of various studies on early detection and effective management of refractive errors in children and adolescents aged 0-19, with the aim of reducing disability and improving ocular health. Refractive errors occur when the eye cannot properly focus light onto the retina, resulting in blurred vision. These errors include myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. Globally, 448 million children and adolescents suffer from refractive errors. Most of these cases can be easily corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses, and in some instances, surgical intervention. Visual impairments can have serious and long-lasting effects on the physical, mental, and social development of a child. Effective management of these issues is crucial for preserving vision and improving the educational and social aspects of child life.