Early detection and therapeutics

Abstract

Early detection, including cancer screening and surveillance, is emerging as one of the most important topics in modern oncology. Because symptomatic presentation remains the predominant route to cancer diagnosis, there is a growing interest in developing techniques to detect the disease at an early, curative stage. Moreover, growing understanding of cancer biology has paved the way for prevention studies with the focus on therapeutic interventions for premalignant conditions. Where there is a recognisable precursor stage, such as a colorectal adenoma or Barrett's metaplasia, the removal of abnormal tissue prevents the development of cancer and enables stratification of the patient to a high‐risk group requiring further surveillance. Here, we provide a review of the available technologies for early diagnosis and minimally‐invasive treatment.

Analysis of the Incidence and Survival of Gastric Cancer Based on the Lauren Classification: A Large Population-Based Study Using SEER

“…The risk of developing GC in patients who eradicated Hp was 34% lower than that in patients without Hp eradication ( 6 ). The epidemiological data of gastric cancer varies greatly due to the implementation of early screening and surveillance of GC using endoscopy and biomarkers ( 8 , 9 ). For example, endoscopic screening greatly aids in the detection of early GC and prevents the progression of GC by removing precursor lesions, such as high-grade or low-grade dysplasia ( 9 ).…”

“…The epidemiological data of gastric cancer varies greatly due to the implementation of early screening and surveillance of GC using endoscopy and biomarkers ( 8 , 9 ). For example, endoscopic screening greatly aids in the detection of early GC and prevents the progression of GC by removing precursor lesions, such as high-grade or low-grade dysplasia ( 9 ). Despite this background, there is little evidence on whether the incidence of GC and other epidemiological characteristics were altered over the past several decades.…”

lncRNA KIAA0125 functions as a tumor suppressor modulating growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

“…Thus, the early screening is quite necessary for improving the clinical outcome of patients. In the current clinical diagnosis, colonoscopy remains the gold‐standard diagnostic test to recognize colonic pathology, however, it is not prevalent due to its invasive and expensive attributes (Heiss and Brenner, ; Januszewicz and Fitzgerald, ).…”

“…The molecular biomarkers of CRC are starting to play an important role in the detection of colorectal malignancies these years by the easy practice and low cost of sequencing‐based technologies (Januszewicz and Fitzgerald, ). Researchers previously focused on gene mutations and proteins that function as oncoproteins or tumor suppressors, such as p53, KRAS, and APC (Huh et al, ; Coppedè et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”

Boosting the social impact of innovative cancer research – towards a mission‐oriented approach to cancer

“…Treatment of invasive and metastatic disease at an early stage of the disease increases the cure rate. Early detection is the point of intersection for prevention and therapeutics, and Januszewicz and Fitzgerald () present the development of diagnostic methods for identifying relevant early disease and treatment possibilities using colorectal cancer as a model.…”