Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

Austin, Emma; James, Carole; Tessier, John

doi:10.3390/ijerph18158123

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Exposure is very common in low- and middle-income countries [ 2 ]. The lack of early detection of silicosis leaves us with a continuing need for exploration when confronted with silicosis [ 29 ]. The results suggest that although some preventive measures for silicosis are known, exposure to risk factors has been ignored, leading to the development of silicosis [ 30 ] and an increase in the number of deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and national burden and trends of mortality and disability-adjusted life years for silicosis, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

2022

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Background Silicosis, as an important type of pneumoconiosis, leads to progressive and irreversible conditions from the beginning of inflammation and fibrosis. However, the data on the global burden of silicosis and long-term trends were limited. Methods Derived from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (online publicly available: Global Health Data Exchange), data on both crude and age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,00 people of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to silicosis was collected and analyzed. The burden and trends of mortality and DALYs due to silicosis was assessed by 204 countries and territories, by 5-year interval of age group and by sex from 1990 to 2019. And all the regions were divided into 5 categories according to Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends in mortality and DALY were evaluated only to ASR by the Joinpoint regression model. Results More than 12.9 thousand [95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI): 10.9, 16.2] death cases occurred due to silicosis worldwide, and 655.7 thousand (95% UI: 519.3, 828.0) DALYs were attributed to silicosis in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, global number of mortality and DALYs in countries with high SDI quintile decreased by 0.35% (95% UI: − 0.45, − 0.17) and 0.32% (95% UI: − 0.45, − 0.01), respectively. There was a greater burden in low- and middle-income countries were estimated in 2019 according to ASRs. The global number of mortality and DALYs among males accounted for over 95% of all in 2019. Both age-sex-specific mortality and DALY rate were increasing with aging and reached their peak at 85–89 age group. During the past 30 years, ASR of mortality and DALYs showed a decreasing trend with average annual percentage change at -3.0% [95% Confidence Intervals (CI): − 3.2, − 2.9] and − 2.0 (95% CI: − 1.7, − 2.2), respectively. Conclusions Silicosis remains an important health issue and causes a potentially serious burden worldwide. Attention should be paid to making preventable, affordable and effective measures in lower SDI regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and national burden and trends of mortality and disability-adjusted life years for silicosis, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

2022

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“…Chest X-rays (CXRs), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and health and exposure questionnaires are the major methods for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. However, these methods cannot detect the disease until it has significantly progressed [ 29 ]. Although it has been reported that CXR cannot reliably detect occupational lung diseases [ 30 ], it is still recommended in the diagnosis of silicosis by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Classification System [ 31 ].…”

Section: Clear Causes and Unresolved Mechanisms Of Silicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Identification, Accurate Diagnosis, and Treatment of Silicosis

Yang

et al. 2022

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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Silicosis is a global problem, and it has brought about great burdens to society and patients’ families. The etiology of silicosis is clear, preventable, and controllable, but the onset is hidden and the duration is long. Thus, it is difficult to diagnose it early and treat it effectively, leaving workers unaware of the consequences of dust exposure. As such, a lack of details in the work history and a slow progression of lung disease contribute to the deterioration of patients until silicosis has advanced to fibrosis. These issues are the key factors impeding the diagnosis and the treatment of silicosis. This article reviews the literature on the early identification, diagnosis, and treatment of silicosis as well as analyzes the difficulties in the diagnosis and the treatment of silicosis and discusses its direction of future development.

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“…They would also be benefitted initiating similar silicosis intervention programme in their countries using CC16 or similar marker for early detection as suggested by a recent study. 22 International organizations such as WHO, The Union, etc, should come forward coordinating and guiding member countries and taking this matter forward further in order to achieve the desired goal. The concept of secondary prevention of silicosis using an effective screening tool such as serum CC16 may be validated in above-said countries to establish its potential benefits both nationally as well as internationally.…”

Section: Policy Decision Toward Control Of Silicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary prevention of silicosis and silico‐tuberculosis by periodic screening of silica dust exposed workers using serum club cell protein 16 as a proxy marker

Sarkar

Dhatrak

Sarkar

et al. 2021

Health Science Reports

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Background and Objectives: Silicosis is a neglected and widely prevalent occupational disease in India and several other countries such as China, South Africa, Brazil, etc. It is an irreversible, incurable, and progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality, which is mostly caused by occupational exposure to silica dusts. Silicosis is usually detected at an advanced stage, when effective intervention is not possible. But early detection appears to be a cost-effective way to control it. There is a need for some suitable biomarker, which could detect silicosis at an early stage for further necessary intervention. This study aimed to estimate the lung damage in silicotic subjects and its relationship with serum CC16 as a proxy marker. The ultimate objective was to explore whether CC16 could be used as a screening tool for early detection of silicosis.Methodology: Radiographs of 117 workers having radiological evidences of silicosis were evaluated in accordance with International Labour Organisation (ILO) Classification of chest radiographs and were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe lung damage using a lung damage scoring system, made for the purpose of this study. The concentration of CC16 in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Result: It was observed that serum CC16 values were significantly decreased in relation to increasing lung damage. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum CC16 value in mild lung damage group was 8.4 ± 0.87 ng/mL as compared to 4.0 ± 2.10 ng/mL in moderate and 0.7 ± 0.21 ng/mL in high lung damage groups. On the other hand, CC16 value of control (healthy) population was found to be 16.3 ± 3.8 ng/mL. Conclusion:Result of the study concluded that serum CC16 might be used as a periodic screening tool for early detection of silicosis and for it's secondary prevention. It may be viewed as a new approach toward control of silicosis, and an appropriate policy may be adopted.

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Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 36 publications

References 72 publications

Global and national burden and trends of mortality and disability-adjusted life years for silicosis, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Global and national burden and trends of mortality and disability-adjusted life years for silicosis, from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Early Identification, Accurate Diagnosis, and Treatment of Silicosis

Secondary prevention of silicosis and silico‐tuberculosis by periodic screening of silica dust exposed workers using serum club cell protein 16 as a proxy marker

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