Early excessive growth with distinct seasonality in preschool obesity

Isojima, Tsuyoshi; Kato, Noriko; Yokoya, Susumu; Ono, Atsushi; Tanaka, Toshiaki; Yokomichi, Hiroshi; Yamagata, Zentaro; Tanaka, Soichiro; Matsubara, Hiroko; Ishikuro, Mami; Kikuya, Masahiro; Chida, Shoichi; Kuriyama, Shinichi; Kure, Shigeo

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314862

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Increases in standardized body mass index (BMI) have been demonstrated among elementary school age children during summer months across the United States [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and Japan [8][9][10]. Two large scale studies have demonstrated that accelerated increases in BMI during summer contributed to increased rates of overweight and obesity among elementary school students [7,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

Moreno

Razjouyan

Lester

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Objectives and background Social demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children’s sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children’s sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods. Methods This was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of sleep midpoint, physical activity, and light exposure were estimated using wrist-worn accelerometry during the school-year (fall) and summer. To examine the effect of sleep parameters, physical activity level, and light exposure on change in BMI, growth curve modeling was conducted controlling for age, race, sex, and chronotype. Results Children’s sleep midpoint shifted later by an average of 1.5 h during summer compared to the school-year. After controlling for covariates, later sleep midpoints predicted larger increases in BMI during summer, (γ = .0004, p = .03), but not during the school-year. Sleep duration, sleep midpoint variability, physical activity levels, and sedentary behavior were not associated with change in BMI during the school-year or summer. Females tended to increase their BMI at a faster rate during summer compared to males, γ = .06, p = .049. Greater amounts of outdoor light exposure (γ = −.01, p = .02) predicted smaller increases in school-year BMI. Conclusions Obesity prevention interventions may need to target different behaviors depending on whether children are in or out of school. Promotion of outdoor time during the school-year and earlier sleep times during the summer may be effective obesity prevention strategies during these respective times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

Moreno

Razjouyan

Lester

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…Numerous studies from the late 1700s to as recently as 2018 have reported seasonal variation in the velocity of children's height and weight growth and metabolic rate . Seasonality of these variables in children suggests that growth may be driven by endogenous factors (ie, circannual rhythms) and synchronized by environmental cues such as seasonal changes in day length, timing of sunrise, light intensity, and temperature (see Table for definitions of key terms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children

et al. 2019

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Several studies since the 1990s have demonstrated that children increase their body mass index at a faster rate during summer months compared with the school year, leading some to conclude that the out-of-school summer environment is responsible.Other studies, however, have suggested that seasonality may play a role in children's height and weight changes across the year. This article reviews evidence for seasonal differences in the rate of children's height and weight gain and proposes potential physiological mechanisms that may explain these seasonal variations.

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“…A potential limitation to this study is that, as in previous Head Start studies, many children had less than the maximum of 4 BMI measurements (2,3). We anticipate the magnitude of any selection bias induced by missing data to be small because weight status at enrollment was not significantly associated with the number of BMI measurements taken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…School-aged children experience more rapid weight gain during summer than the academic year (1). Previous studies on summer weight gain among preschoolers have yielded mixed results (2)(3)(4). Having a better understanding of when preschoolers gain excess weight is important; 13.7% of 2-to 5-year-old children in the United States already have obesity (5), putting them at increased risk for obesity and adverse health outcomes at later ages (6).…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Summer Weight Gain Among Preschool-Aged Children With Obesity: An Observational Study in Head Start

et al. 2021

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School-aged children gain weight most rapidly in summer, but few studies have investigated summer weight gain among preschool-aged children. We fit continuous linear spline mixed models to test for accelerated summer weight gain among 2,044 children attending 16 Boston-area Head Start programs between fall 2016 and spring 2019. Academic year and summer rates of change in modified body mass index z-score differed ( P < .001), with accelerated summer weight gain most pronounced among children with obesity. As with school-aged children, increased focus on the summer is warranted for promoting healthy weight among children in Head Start.

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Early excessive growth with distinct seasonality in preschool obesity

Abstract: Early excessive growth with distinct seasonality was observed in preschool obese children. These findings suggest that individuals involved in child healthcare should pay closer attention to early excessive growth with distinct seasonality in preschool obesity.

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

Physiological mechanisms underlying children's circannual growth patterns and their contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children

Summer Weight Gain Among Preschool-Aged Children With Obesity: An Observational Study in Head Start

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