Early Experimental Studies on Hemoperfusion as a Treatment Modality for Acute Radiation Disease

Abstract

First results of the studies on hemoperfusion therapy of acute radiation disease that were conducted in Kiev in 1976 are presented. In these studies, 69 mongrel dogs were exposed to irradiation at a dose of 525 rad (5.25 Gy). It was proved that hemoperfusion through uncoated synthetic activated carbons led to a noticeable increase in their survival rate, from 3.2% in the control group (n = 31) to 68.4% and 62.4% for the dogs that received extracorporeal treatment at 2 h (n = 19) and 24 h (n =‐19) after irradiation, respectively.

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

“…AC-assisted protection of hematopoiesis has been also observed in the studies with IR-exposed laboratory animals in view of the possible mechanisms suggested above. This effect was significant regardless of how the animals were treated with AC: hemoperfusion [ 42 , 43 ] or enterosorption (p/o route) [ 43 , 44 ]. Supposedly, the effective myeloprotection with a subsequent BM recovery may influence survival rates of irradiated animals, according to the finding that a single-course low-volume hemoperfusion with uncoated spherical AC resulted in 60–70% increase in survival of dogs acutely irradiated with X-rays of the dose of 5.25 Gy, whereas survival without hemoperfusion was only 3% [ 42 ].…”

“…This effect was significant regardless of how the animals were treated with AC: hemoperfusion [ 42 , 43 ] or enterosorption (p/o route) [ 43 , 44 ]. Supposedly, the effective myeloprotection with a subsequent BM recovery may influence survival rates of irradiated animals, according to the finding that a single-course low-volume hemoperfusion with uncoated spherical AC resulted in 60–70% increase in survival of dogs acutely irradiated with X-rays of the dose of 5.25 Gy, whereas survival without hemoperfusion was only 3% [ 42 ]. Curiously, even in the study with intact animals, such as intact old rats, the course of enterosorption with AC led to the increase of their mean lifespan (up to 43%) along with demonstration of the tendency to normalization of some metabolic parameters and ultrastructure of various organs [ 45 ].…”

Sorption Detoxification as an Addition to Conventional Therapy of Acute Radiation Sickness and Iatrogenic Leukopenia

“…Our first research of adsorptive therapy effects for acute radiation sickness (ARS) started in 1976 [30]. In this study, 69 inbred dogs were irradiated by external X-ray at the dose of 525 Rad (5.25 Gy).…”

“…Hemoperfusion for ARS treatment[30]. Sorption Detoxification as an Addition to Conventional Therapy of Acute Radiation Sickness… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85690 ROS-induced damage because they cross the blood-brain barrier.…”

Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

“…Activated charcoal (AC) for medical use from this point of view seems to be ideal MCM. AC successfully increased animals' survival from 3.2% in control group to 68.1% when administered during 24 h after irradiation in experiment for hemoperfusion treatment of dogs irradiated with lethal doses of X-ray [3]. Oral administration of AC alone (or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in pre-clinical and clinical trials) after Irradiation or anticancer chemotherapy reduced intoxication, prevented and treated leukopenia [4].…”