Early Life Microcirculation and the Development of Hypertension

Struijker‐Boudier, Harry A.J.; Heijnen, Bart F.J.

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.181107

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive and reproducible method with which to investigate microvascular function in the skin [ 14 , 15 ]. It has been widely used in a clinical setting combined with provocation tests to investigate vascular mechanism in hypertension [ 16 ], obesity [ 17 ] and in diabetes [ 18 ]. Several studies have shown skin microvascular reactivity to be attenuated in insulin resistant individuals and in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with control [ 14 , 17 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvascular reactivity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus studied during pregnancy

Pontes

Afra

Silva

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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AimTo compare microvascular reactivity assessed in the skin using laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational age-matched control during pregnancy.Methods110 pregnant women at ~33 weeks gestation participated in the study. Skin microvascular reactivity was evaluated by LDF, at rest, during the response to brief arterial occlusion (post occlusive hyperaemic response) and during sympathetically mediated vasoconstrictor response to deep inspiratory breath hold.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in the microvascular variables studied (resting and maximum rate flux, post-ischaemic reactive hyperaemia and deep inspiratory breath holds) between +GDM and –GDM groups women. In women with GDM there was a negative correlation between resting flux and the response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), r = -0.282 (p = 0.037). There was also a negative correlation between the response to the OGTT and the sympathetically mediated constrictor response to inspiratory breath holds (r = -.298, p = .030) but not in women with GDM (r = .102, r = .468).ConclusionAttenuated microvascular reactivity as an early marker of endothelial dysfunction is not present in women with GDM when assessed during pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvascular reactivity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus studied during pregnancy

Pontes

Afra

Silva

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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“…9, 10 We also recently reported on the surprising finding that low-birth weight (LBW) infants, born at term or preterm, to normotensive mothers do not have capillary rarefaction at birth, but rather higher capillary density, 11 even though LBW is associated with hypertensive disease and capillary rarefaction in later-life emphasizing the importance of early influences on microcirculation. 12 We hypothesized that maternal HDP induces capillary rarefaction in the offspring during in utero development, and we tested the hypothesis by studying functional and structural capillary densities in newborn infants of maternal HDP and normotensive pregnancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Capillary Remodeling in Infants Born to Hypertensive Pregnancy: Pilot Study

et al. 2012

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“…This process of accelerated capillary remodeling is unlikely to explain the CR observed in adult individuals with a history of LBW. We, therefore, postulate that another process of “capillary hyper-pruning” 10,16 is likely to occur after the 1st year of life but before adolescence. Identifying the exact timing of CR may provide an opportunity to prevent or reverse these microcirculatory abnormalities and thereby prevent future hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Microcirculatory Plasticity and Blood Pressure Changes in Low Birth Weight Infants Born to Normotensive Mothers: A Cohort Study

Goloba

Raghuraman

Botros

et al. 2019

American Journal of Hypertension

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BACKGROUND Capillary rarefaction (CR) is an established hallmark of essential hypertension (EH). The aim of this study was to examine early changes in capillary density (CD) and blood pressure (BP) in low birth weight (LBW) infants who are at risk of developing EH in later life. METHODS We studied 77 LBW infants and 284 normal birth weight (NBW) infants, all born to mothers with normotension, in a longitudinal multicenter study. Intravital capillaroscopy was used to measure functional basal capillary density (BCD) and maximal capillary density (MCD) at birth, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS We found that LBW infants, born preterm and at term, had a significantly higher CD at birth, then underwent significant CR in the 1st 3 months culminating in a CD similar to that seen in NBW infants. NBW infants showed a gradual reduction in CD between birth and 12 months. Non-Caucasian ethnicity and preterm birth were significant predictors of a higher CD at birth. Systolic BP in NBW infants increased significantly from birth to 3 months, and we identified a significant negative correlation between systolic BP and MCD. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a process of early “accelerated capillary remodeling” in LBW infants, which corrects their higher CD at birth. This remodeling is unlikely to explain the CR seen in adult individuals with, or at risk of developing EH. Further follow-up studies are required to determine the timing and mechanisms involved in CR, which is likely to occur after the 1st year of life but before early adulthood.

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Early Life Microcirculation and the Development of Hypertension

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Microvascular reactivity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus studied during pregnancy

Microvascular reactivity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus studied during pregnancy

Capillary Remodeling in Infants Born to Hypertensive Pregnancy: Pilot Study

Early Life Microcirculatory Plasticity and Blood Pressure Changes in Low Birth Weight Infants Born to Normotensive Mothers: A Cohort Study

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