Early life stress increases testosterone and corticosterone and alters stress physiology in zebra finches

Zito, Jessica B; Hanna, Angy; Kadoo, Nora; Tomaszycki, Michelle L.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.08.001

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Males experience a surge in testosterone right before birth and maintain a moderate level of testosterone throughout juvenility until experiencing another surge during puberty (Bale and Epperson, 2017 ; Bell, 2018 ). ELA has been found to lead to a change in testosterone levels, but it is unclear whether it leads to an increase (e.g., Veenema et al, 2006 ; Zito et al, 2017 ) or decrease (e.g., Llorente et al, 2011 ; Tsuda et al, 2011 ). Interestingly, decreases in plasma testosterone were shown to be associated with less aggressive behavior in male mice, though these findings were dependent on age in 5–9 week old mice (Tsuda et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Affective Dysfunction and Alterations in Parvalbumin in Rodent Models of Early Life Adversity

Ellis

Ganguly

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The early life environment markedly influences brain and behavioral development, with adverse experiences associated with increased risk of anxiety and depressive phenotypes, particularly in females. Indeed, early life adversity (ELA) in humans (i.e., caregiver deprivation, maltreatment) and rodents (i.e., maternal separation, resource scarcity) is associated with sex-specific emergence of anxious and depressive behaviors. Although these disorders show clear sex differences in humans, little attention has been paid toward evaluating sex as a biological variable in models of affective dysfunction; however, recent rodent work suggests sex-specific effects. Two widely used rodent models of ELA approximate caregiver deprivation (i.e., maternal separation) and resource scarcity (i.e., limited bedding). While these approaches model aspects of ELA experienced in humans, they span different portions of the pre-weaning developmental period and may therefore differentially contribute to underlying mechanistic risk. This is borne out in the literature, where evidence suggests differences in trajectories of behavior depending on the type of ELA and/or sex; however, the neural underpinning of these differences is not well understood. Because anxiety and depression are thought to involve dysregulation in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in ELA-vulnerable brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus), outcomes are likely driven by alterations in local and/or circuit-specific inhibitory activity. The most abundant GABAergic subtypes in the brain, accounting for approximately 40% of inhibitory neurons, contain the calcium-binding protein Parvalbumin (PV). As PV-expressing neurons have perisomatic and proximal dendritic targets on pyramidal neurons, they are well-positioned to regulate excitatory/inhibitory balance. Recent evidence suggests that PV outcomes following ELA are sex, age, and region-specific and may be influenced by the type and timing of ELA. Here, we suggest the possibility of a combined role of PV and sex hormones driving differences in behavioral outcomes associated with affective dysfunction following ELA. This review evaluates the literature across models of ELA to characterize neural (PV) and behavioral (anxiety- and depressive-like) outcomes as a function of sex and age. Additionally, we detail a putative mechanistic role of PV on ELA-related outcomes and discuss evidence suggesting hormone influences on PV expression/function which may help to explain sex differences in ELA outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Affective Dysfunction and Alterations in Parvalbumin in Rodent Models of Early Life Adversity

Ellis

Ganguly

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Both animal and human studies confirmed the increase of serum testosterone level in response to stress through subsequent activation of HPA axis. [5051] Studies indicated that EEG arousal index is not sufficient to reveal subcortical arousal events responsible for modulating respiratory and blood pressure conditions. Therefore, PTT index is more suitable for indicating subcortical arousal that responsible for vegetative and physiological consequences in the stress system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal activity in paradoxical and psychophysiological insomnia

et al. 2019

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Background:Although insomnia is a sex-dimorphic disorder, there is limited knowledge about the association between sex hormones and insomnia. In the present study, the level of hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis activity was investigated in patients with insomnia by measuring serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin.Methods:Numbers of 19 patients; including 13 females (68.40%) with paradox insomnia (32–53 years; 43.20 ± 6.40) and 17 patients; including 8 females (47.05%) with psychophysiological insomnia (14–62 years; 38.40 ± 16.30) were recruited. Seventeen aged-matched normal sleeper consisted of 13 males (26–59 years; 40.70 ± 10) consisted of 13 males (76.50%) were also recruited as control group. Insomnia was diagnosed by a sleep clinician according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Second Edition criteria and an overnight polysomnography (PSG). A volume of 5 ml of venous blood samples were collected, prepared, and stored at 8 AM under standard condition. Serum levels of hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and ANCOVA. The associations between PSG and biochemical parameters were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.Results:There were no significant differences in all biochemical analyses between two insomnia subgroups (paradoxical and psychophysiological insomnia) and normal sleepers. Testosterone was positively related to maximum pulse transit time (PTT). Moreover, both LH and FSH were positively related to wake index and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion:Although there were no significant differences in all HPG's hormones between groups, both LH and FSH were associated with wake index and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, testosterone was positively related to PTT.

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“…Subjects. The subjects from this study were the same adults from a previous study measuring the effects of NS on hormones and stress physiology, and details regarding the NS paradigm we used are described in detail there (Zito et al, 2017). Briefly, all protocols were approved by the Wayne State University Institutional Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Methods Experiments 1: the Effects Of Nutritional Stress On ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects. A total of 67 (33 male; 34 female) brain sections were obtained from subjects from a prior study of the effects of NS on stress physiology (Zito et al, 2017). As shown in Tables 2 and 3, for each treatment (NS or control), sex, and age (PHD 25, 60, or adulthood), a final sample of three to seven zebra finches were quantified from song (see Table 2) and auditory (see Table 3) regions.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Effects Of Nutritional Stress On the Size And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early life nutritional stress affects song learning but not underlying neural circuitry in zebra finches.

Buyannemekh

Zito

Tomaszycki

2020

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Early life stress negatively impacts behavior and underlying neural circuitry across species. The present study investigated the effects of nutritional stress (NS), which increases parental foraging, on song quality in males, song preferences in females, and the size and number of cells in song and auditory regions of the zebra finch brain. We hypothesized that NS would decrease song quality in males and decrease preference for high quality song in females. Furthermore, we predicted that NS would reduce the size of song nuclei and decrease the number of cells in song and auditory regions. In males, NS decreased the number of syllable types (a measure of song complexity), decreased the number of high notes and flat notes, and increased the number of noisy notes, but had no effect on song rate or song length. In females, NS reduced preferences for high quality song. Despite these behavioral effects, there were no effects of NS on song and auditory nuclei, although there were effects of age and sex. These results suggest that NS affects behavior in both males and females, but these effects are not attributable to the number of cells or size of song and auditory regions. Such findings add to our understanding of the effects of early life stress on behavior and cognition.

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Early life stress increases testosterone and corticosterone and alters stress physiology in zebra finches

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Sex Differences in Affective Dysfunction and Alterations in Parvalbumin in Rodent Models of Early Life Adversity

Sex Differences in Affective Dysfunction and Alterations in Parvalbumin in Rodent Models of Early Life Adversity

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal activity in paradoxical and psychophysiological insomnia

Early life nutritional stress affects song learning but not underlying neural circuitry in zebra finches.

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