Early Occurrence of Spontaneous Tumors in CD-1 Mice and Sprague—Dawley Rats

Son, Woo‐Chan; Gopinath, C.

doi:10.1080/01926230490440871

Cited by 90 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Various authors have reported survival, cause of mortality and/or spontaneous neoplasm data for CD-1 mice (e.g., Maita et al, 1988;Chandra and Frith, 1992;Criver, 1995;Gopinath, 1994;Son, 2003;Son and Gopinath, 2004;Criver, 2005;Hooks et al, 2005). Maita et al (1988) showed survival of 20-44% (males) and 27-43% (females) from 11 carcinogenicity studies in the late 1970s/early 1980s while Chandra and Frith (1992) reported values of 41% (males) and 47% (females) from a survey of 11 in-house studies largely conducted in the late 1980s; further data from 9 studies of 2-year duration again largely from the late 1980s showed survival ranges of 28-72% (males) and 27-65% (females) (Criver, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a review of the historical control data for 20 carcinogenicity studies generated in 1990-2002 in CD-1 mice showed little variability with time (Son and Gopinath, 2004). An evaluation of tumor incidence using 7-year time points over the 14-year period in the present investigation has also shown no obvious difference in the number or pattern of tumors recorded.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carcinogenicity Evaluation: Comparison of Tumor Data from Dual Control Groups in the CD–1 Mouse

Baldrick

Reeve

2007

Toxicol Pathol

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Current regulatory thinking allows for the use of single control groups for rodent carcinogenicity testing although there has been a trend until recently to use dual control groups. To date, virtually nothing has been published on whether a shift from dual to single control groups will affect the identification of tumorigenic risk potential in these studies. A recent evaluation of dual control carcinogenicity data in the rat (Baldrick, Toxicol Pathol 2005, 33: 283-291) showed that although no major differences in tumor incidences between the control groups were found, some interstudy variation occurred and in cases were a notable difference was seen, the use of 2 control groups, as well as robust, contemporary background data, allowed an easier interpretation of findings in drug-treated groups. In this paper, the results of 10 mouse carcinogenicity studies, performed between 1991 and 2004, with 2 control groups, are presented. As in the rat, interstudy variation was seen and in some cases, the use of dual control groups assisted in the tumor risk assessment. Thus, the continued use of 2 control groups can have a vital role in mouse carcinogenicity studies. The paper also presents an update on survival, on the range and extent of background spontaneous neoplasms and comments on genetic drift in this commonly used mouse strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenicity Evaluation: Comparison of Tumor Data from Dual Control Groups in the CD–1 Mouse

Baldrick

Reeve

2007

Toxicol Pathol

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“…A review of the historical control data generated from carcinogenicity studies over the time interval covered by this report has shown little variability (Son and Gopinath 2004). Hooks et al (2008) have indicated that the time period over which studies were conducted did not greatly influence tumor occurrence in their survey, which reviewed studies conducted between 1994-1999 and 2000-2006 with Han Wistar rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For carcinogenicity studies, data were collected from all control animal deaths occurring within the first 52 weeks. Mortality profiles from the carcinogenicity studies were compared with the previous report on Sprague-Dawley rats (Son and Gopinath 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information in Sprague-Dawley rats has been reviewed in the past (Son and Gopinath 2004). Environmental factors influencing the incidence of spontaneous tumors in rodents have been reviewed by several authors, although most of them are lifespan data (Everett 1984;Hardisty 1985;Maita et al 1988;Ettlin, Stirnimann, and Prentice 1994;Gopinath 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of Early Occurring Spontaneous Tumors in Han Wistar Rats

Son¹,

Bell²,

Taylor³

et al. 2010

Toxicol Pathol

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It is sometimes difficult to assess the relevance of tumors that occur in treated animals in short-term studies. This report is intended to establish a general profile of tumor occurrence in young Han Wistar rats. Data were collected and evaluated from 29 rat carcinogenicity studies and from a few 2-, 4-, 13-, and 26-week studies conducted between 1995 and 2009 at Huntingdon Life Sciences, UK. The route of administration was dietary, oral gavage, or inhalation, and the analysis was confined to sporadic deaths (decedents) in carcinogenicity studies. In Han Wistar rats, the most common and earliest occurring tumor was malignant lymphoma in both sexes, the earliest being seen in the 16th and 26th week in males and females, respectively. The incidence of malignant lymphoma was slightly higher in males than in females. The second most common type of tumor was brain tumors in males and mammary tumors in females. Compared with Sprague-Dawley rats, where the most common early tumor was pituitary tumor in females, the most common early tumor in Han Wistar rats was malignant lymphoma in both sexes. These early tumor profiles are consistent with the lifetime tumor occurrence in these strains.

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Mouse

Percy¹,

Barthold

2007

Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits

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The laboratory mouse is an artificial creation, and there is no true "wildtype" laboratory mouse. Furthermore, there is no such thing as "normal" microflora, since laboratory mice are maintained in microbially pristine environments devoid of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens, as well as other commensal flora/fauna. House mice, from which laboratory mice originated, are represented by several species and subspecies native to the Old World. Laboratory mice are largely derived from domesticated "fancy mice" that arose from many years of trading of mouse variants among fanciers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. The laboratory mouse genome, including its retroelements, is a mosaic derived from different subspecies of the Mus musculus complex, including M.m. domesticus, M.m. musculus, M.m. castaneus, M.m. molossinus (a natural hybrid of M.m. musculus and M.m. castaneus), and M. bactrianus.The genome of M.m. domesticus is the predominant contributor to most strains of mice, but many inbred strains share a common "Eve" with a mitochondrial genome of M.m. musculus origin, and a common "Adam" that contributed their Y chromosome from Asian mice. In addition, there is evidence that other Mus species, outside of the M. musculus complex, may have contributed to the genome of some laboratory mouse strains. The C57BL mouse genome contains a contribution from M. spretus. The 1st inbred mouse (DBA), and other strains with DBA genetic contributions, was partially derived from Japanese waltzing mice with M. bactrianus parentage. Perhaps the only laboratory mouse that is derived from a single species (subspecies), M.m. domesticus, is the "Swiss" mouse, but there is a high likelihood that several Swiss stocks and strains have been genetically corrupted.There are over 450 inbred strains of laboratory mice that have arisen during the last century, and these strains, which were selectively inbred to pan-genomic homozygosity for purposes entirely unrelated to modern research, are the foundation upon which literally thousands of spontaneous mutants and GEMs have been built. Additional inbred strains have been developed from wild mice (M.m. castaneus, M. spretus, etc.). Furthermore, "outbred" mice (mostly Swiss mice) are highly homozygous and nearly inbred. There is no such thing as an outbred laboratory mouse with a fully heterozygous genome representative of wildtype M. musculus, and there is no wild mouse genetic counterpart of the laboratory mouse. When working with mice, the pathologist must also become facile with hybrids,

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Early Occurrence of Spontaneous Tumors in CD-1 Mice and Sprague—Dawley Rats

Cited by 90 publications

References 7 publications

Carcinogenicity Evaluation: Comparison of Tumor Data from Dual Control Groups in the CD–1 Mouse

Carcinogenicity Evaluation: Comparison of Tumor Data from Dual Control Groups in the CD–1 Mouse

Profile of Early Occurring Spontaneous Tumors in Han Wistar Rats

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