“…(24)(25)(26) On the other hand, in high-risk patients, target driven post-operative hemodynamic optimization has shown improved gastric mucosa acidosis, and reduced post-operative gastrointestinal complications. (31)(32)(33)(34) In view of the GID impact on the clinical outcomes and costs, studies should be encouraged on this subject. Multi-modal approaches, including measures to reduce the mechanic trauma, early mobilization and enteral feeding, more accurate volume replacement and treatment of shock with visceral region monitoring should be investigated in prospective multicenter trials.…”