Early Phenotype Programming in Birds by Temperature and Nutrition: A Mini-Review

Andrieux, Charlotte; Petit, Angélique; Collin, Anne; Houssier, Marianne; Métayer-Coustard, Sonia; Pitel, Frédérique; Coustham, Vincent

doi:10.3389/fanim.2021.755842

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Our findings align with the concept that nutrient developmental programming during critical development windows can have short-term and longer-term consequences in the offspring (Andrieux et al 2022 ; Buchanan et al 2022 ). The increased mTOR and IGF1 gene expression on day 1 indicates that these genes are important during the embryonic and early post-natal growth and development, the effects mediated by methionine manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Embryonic methionine triggers post-natal developmental programming in Japanese quail

Ndunguru,

Reda,

Csernus

et al. 2024

J Comp Physiol B

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Embryonic development is one of the most sensitive and critical stages when maternal effects may influence the offspring’s phenotype. In birds and other oviparous species, embryonic development is confined to the eggs, therefore females must deposit resources into the eggs to prepare the offspring for the prevailing post-natal conditions. However, the mechanisms of such phenotypic adjustments remain poorly understood. We simulated a maternal nutritional transfer by injecting 1 mg of l-methionine solution into Japanese quail eggs before the onset of incubation. The increase in early methionine concentration in eggs activated the insulin/insulin-like signalling and mechanistic target of rapamycin (IIS/mTOR) signalling pathways and affected post-natal developmental trajectories. Chicks from methionine-supplemented eggs had higher expression of liver IGF1 and mTOR genes at hatching but were similar in size, and the phenotypic effects of increased growth became apparent only a week later and remained up to three weeks. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and expression of ribosomal protein serine 6 kinase 1 (RPS6K1), the mTOR downstream effector, were elevated only three weeks after hatching. These results show that specific nutritional cues may have phenotypic programming effects by sequentially activating specific nutrient-sensing pathways and achieving transgenerational phenotypic plasticity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Embryonic methionine triggers post-natal developmental programming in Japanese quail

Ndunguru,

Reda,

Csernus

et al. 2024

J Comp Physiol B

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“…The embryonic development is a period of environmental sensitivity that allows for phenotypic programming [ 1 ]. Notably, thermal manipulation (TM) during bird embryogenesis, a method that involves exposing the avian embryo to cyclic increases in temperature during incubation of the egg, was successfully used to improve thermal tolerance of birds during the post-hatch life [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal conditioning of quail embryos has transgenerational and reversible long-term effects

Vitorino Carvalho,

Hennequet-Antier,

Rouger

et al. 2023

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background In the current context of global warming, thermal manipulation of avian embryos has received increasing attention as a strategy to promote heat tolerance in avian species by simply increasing the egg incubation temperature. However, because of their likely epigenetic origin, thermal manipulation effects may last more than one generation with consequences for the poultry industry. In this work, a multigenerational and transgenerational analysis of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis was performed to uncover the long-term effects of such procedure. Results Thermal manipulation repeated during 4 generations had an effect on hatchability, body weight, and weight of eggs laid in Japanese quails, with some effects increasing in importance over generations. Moreover, the effects on body weight and egg weight could be transmitted transgenerationally, suggesting non-genetic inheritance mechanisms. This hypothesis is reinforced by the observed reversion of the effect on growth after five unexposed generations. Interestingly, a beneficial effect of thermal manipulation on heat tolerance was observed a few days after hatching, but this effect was not transgenerational. Conclusions Our multigenerational study showed that thermal conditioning of quail embryos has a beneficial effect on post-hatch heat tolerance hampered by transgenerational but reversible defects on growth. Assuming that no genetic variability underlies these changes, this study provides the first demonstration of epigenetic inheritance of traits induced by environmental temperature modification associated with long-term impacts in an avian species.

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The effects of egg incubation temperature and parental cross on the swimming activity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

Greenberg,

Filipsson,

Bergman

et al. 2023

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Personality varies among individuals and is influenced by the environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that egg incubation temperature had carry-over effects on swimming activity of juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta. Eggs from different crosses involving anadromous and lacustrine-adfluvial parents were incubated under two temperature regimes, unheated (cold) or heated c. 2.5 °C above ambient temperature (warm), until first exogenous feeding. In the laboratory, we used open-field tests to quantify swimming activity in a new environment, and mirror-image tests to measure time spent swimming and resting motionless near a mirror, measures often used as proxies for aggression. These tests were conducted for two cohorts, with one tested in June 2018 and the other in June and August 2019, enabling us to test for repeatability and if differences persisted over the summer. In June, when adjusting for differences in body size between cold- and warm-incubated trout, we found that juvenile trout incubated as embryos at cold temperatures showed more swimming activity and took less time to initiate swimming for their size than those incubated in warm water. There were also body size and year effects but no effects of parental cross. For August, none of the incubation temperature effects observed in June persisted, but cold-incubated trout spent a larger proportion of their time motionless near the mirror than warm-incubated trout and there was a general body size effect on time to initiate swimming. The lack of any persistent effects of incubation temperature between June and August suggests that the effect is ephemeral. Notwithstanding, these results support the hypothesis that incubation temperature has short-term effects on activity of juvenile of brown trout during their first summer. Significance Statement We studied the effect of embryonic temperature on juvenile fish behavior, focusing on swimming activity under different conditions. Brown trout eggs were incubated under two temperature regimes, cold and warm. We show that juvenile trout originating from cold conditions as embryos spent a greater proportion of time swimming and less time to initiate swimming than trout originating from warm conditions. These effects were present in June but not August, which suggests that the effect is short-lived, and occurs during the first summer when mortality of juveniles is high. The duration of the effects needs further study as our previous studies have shown persistent embryonic temperature effects on metabolism, body shape, reproductive potential and emigration of subsequent life stages of salmonids. These results also have bearing on ongoing climate change as even small differences in embryonic temperature may have ecological consequences for subsequent life stages.

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Early Phenotype Programming in Birds by Temperature and Nutrition: A Mini-Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 106 publications

Embryonic methionine triggers post-natal developmental programming in Japanese quail

Embryonic methionine triggers post-natal developmental programming in Japanese quail

Thermal conditioning of quail embryos has transgenerational and reversible long-term effects

The effects of egg incubation temperature and parental cross on the swimming activity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

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