Early Preeclampsia Effect on Preterm Newborns Outcome

Abstract

Background: An early form of preeclampsia is rare. Abnormal placentation, placental perfusion disorders, and inflammatory cytokine release will have an effect on the fetus and newborn. Material and methods: The study group consisted of preterm newborns whose mothers had a history of preeclampsia and a gestational age of between 30 weeks and 34 weeks + 6 days. The control group consists of neonates matched for gestational age with the case group, whose mothers had normal blood pressure. The incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, pH gas changes, and hematological parameters were analyzed in the two groups. Results: The study group of preterm neonates had a lower birth weight than the control group (p < 0.001). Most of the deliveries in the group of newborns exposed to preeclampsia were performed by cesarean section. Severe forms of RDS were two times more frequent in the group of newborns exposed to preeclampsia compared to those in the control group. Even though we expected to see a lower incidence, owing to the high number of deliveries by cesarean section, we still observed a higher rate of intraventricular hemorrhage in the preeclampsia group (16 cases in the study group vs. 7 in the control, p = 0.085). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more frequent in preterm newborns exposed to preeclampsia. Conclusions: The study shows that early preeclampsia increases the risk of complications in preterm neonates. RDS was more frequent in the exposed group than in the control group. The severity of preeclampsia correlates with hematological changes.

Association Analysis of the Cerebral Fractional Tissue Oxygen Extraction (cFTOE) and the Cerebral Oxygen Saturation (crSaO2) with Perinatal Factors in Preterm Neonates: A Single Centre Study

“…Maternal and pregnancy-related variables such as medication, pre-eclampsia and signs of maternal intrauterine infection were collected. Maternal pre-eclampsia was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg associated with proteinuria [ 2 , 8 ].…”

“…The neurological evolution of preterm infants is influenced by multiple perinatal factors. Among the prenatal factors, maternal inflammation, chorioamnionitis or pre-eclampsia influence the neurological evolution [ 1 , 2 ]. Immediately after birth, several conditions characteristic of prematurity, and nutrition, caring and nursing have an impact on the neurological development of the premature infant.…”

“…Oxygen is an important substrate for brain metabolism. Hyperoxia and hypoxia are extremely harmful to the brain, especially in premature newborns, who due to the immaturity of their central nervous system are much more vulnerable to oxygen saturation than full-term newborns [ 2 , 5 ].…”

“…This measure of crSaO 2 reflects the oxygen saturation in a mixed vascular system dominated by venules. Fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) is calculated based on crSaO 2 and transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (tcSaO 2 ) values [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. crSaO 2 serves as a marker of cerebral hypoxia.…”

“…crSaO 2 serves as a marker of cerebral hypoxia. cFTOE reflects the balance between the cerebral oxygen delivery (cerebral perfusion) and the cerebral oxygen consumption and thus serves as an indicator of cerebral ischemic hypoxia [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”