Early Response and Clinical Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing Chlorhexidine, Anti Discoloration System, Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Vinyl Acetate and Sodium DNA in Periodontitis Model: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) is a molecule with increased adhesion capacity, and can be associated in the bacterial plaque control with sodium DNA, a natural anti-aging molecule able to improve gingival trophism. The aim of the study is to test at two weeks the antimicrobial and antiplaque properties, subjects affected by chronic periodontitis, showed by a mouthwash containing Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% with Anti Discoloration System (ADS), PVP-VA, and Sodium DNA in comparison with a placebo mouthwash. A single center randomized controlled trial was conducted on a total of fifty-four (54) subjects. In the test Group (n = 27) patients were treated by a 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash with ADS, PVP-VA, and Sodium DNA, while a placebo mouthwash was used in the control Group (B). The full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline, and at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. FMPS score recorded at baseline (V2) was 52.7 ± 9.2 in the Group Test and 58.2 ± 6.1 in the Group Control (p > 0.05). After 1 week (V3), FMPS was 13.3 ± 5.6 in the Group Test and 18.7 ± 4.3 in the Group Control (p < 0.05), while at V4 (2 weeks), FMPS was 14.2 ± 4.1 in the Group Test and 20.3 ± 5.2 in the Group Control (p < 0.05). FMBS score recorded at baseline (V2) was 46.7 ± 8.7 in the Group Test and 49.2 ± 6.2 in the Group Control (p > 0.05). After 1 week (V3), FMBS was 12.7 ± 4.2 in the test Group Test and 18.5 ± 5.9 in the control Group Control (p < 0.05), while after 2 weeks (V4), it was 13.1 ± 3.2 in the Group Test and 19.8 ± 4.9 Group Control (p < 0.05). This trial has clinically showed the efficacy of a new formulation of chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing bacterial plaque and gingival inflammation. A significant reduction of inflammation and bleeding scores was found in periodontal patients treated by a mouthwash containing CHX 0.2% with ADS, PVP-VA, and Sodium DNA compared to those treated with a placebo mouthwash.

The Effects of Periodontal Treatment on Rheumatoid Arthritis and of Anti-Rheumatic Drugs on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

“…Finally, in addition to the mechanical removal of the plaque through SRP, natural compound and photodynamic approaches have been tested in RA patients as adjuvant treatments [146][147][148]. Curcumin, the biologically active part of the Curcuma longa root, belongs to the phenolic compound group and has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties.…”

Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Short- and Long-Term Immunity: A General Overview for the Pandemic Contrast

“…Antibodies response with mRNA-1273 vaccine persisted 180 days after the second dose, as identified by three distinct serologic assays [ 327 ]. In one study, an antibody reduction of 37.9% was observed in seronegative persons and 44.7% in seropositive subjects compared to the highest antibody titer [ 328 , 329 , 330 , 331 , 332 , 333 , 334 , 335 , 336 , 337 ]. In an important study, it was shown that 30% of the vaccinated elderly did not reach the antibody response after the second dose.…”

Postbiotic Metabolite of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PD18 against Periodontal Pathogens and Their Virulence Markers in Biofilm Formation

“…Biofilm formation is an important marker for increasing the severity of periodontal disease, which develops as dental plaque enhances the severity of antibiotic tolerance and treatment difficulties through its adhesion and biofilm development on medical devices, which can result in serious illness [ 21 ]. The traditional treatment of these diseases involves the mechanical removal of dental plaque, antibiotics, and chemical agents such as chlorhexidine [ 8 , 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These treatments may produce many side effects including pain, swelling, tooth sensitivity, drug resistance, and tooth discoloration [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…The traditional treatment of these diseases involves the mechanical removal of dental plaque, antibiotics, and chemical agents such as chlorhexidine [ 8 , 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. These treatments may produce many side effects including pain, swelling, tooth sensitivity, drug resistance, and tooth discoloration [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Consequently, current strategies using naturally beneficial bacteria groups such as probiotics are highly desirable for balancing the oral bacterial community, reducing oral pathogens, and stimulating the host’s immune responses [ 7 , 23 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] that may decrease the severity of oral disease and prevent oral pathogen sustainably, which is similar to the immunomodulatory substance.…”