Earthquake Precursors in the Ionic and Gas Composition of Groundwater: A Review of World Data

Копылова, Г. Н.; Болдина, С. В.; Serafimova, Yu. K.

doi:10.1134/s0016702922100056

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Documented responses include pre‐, co‐, and post‐seismic changes in groundwater levels, chemical composition, stable isotope ratios, temperature, stream flow, gas emanations, and liquefaction (Wang & Manga, 2010a, 2010b, 2021). Several reviews have compiled global observations of such hydrogeological and gas geochemical responses to earthquakes (e.g., Cicerone et al., 2009; Hartmann & Levy, 2005; Hauksson, 1981; King, 1986; King & Manga, 2018; Kopylova et al., 2022; Martinelli & Dadomo, 2018; Paudel et al., 2018; Roeloffs, 1988; Shi et al., 2013; Thomas, 1988; Toutain & Baubron, 1999; Wang et al., 2023; Woith, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Changes Record Groundwater Mixing After a Regional Earthquake in Northeast India

Kumar,

Manga,

Nair

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Recorded earthquake‐induced changes in hydrogeological systems date back over 2,000 years. As a part of our ongoing hydrogeochemical monitoring effort to study such changes, we collected 406 groundwater samples twice a week between February 2021 and July 2023 from two bore wells in the Kopili fault zone of Northeast India. We analyzed stable isotope ratios (δ2H, δ18O) and dissolved element concentrations to obtain a 2.5‐year hydrogeochemical time series and responses to multiple regional earthquakes (Mw ≥ 3) within the monitored period. We find significant but transient anomalies in both the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater at one of the observation wells (OW1) after the 2021 Assam Mw 6.4 earthquake, followed by prolonged alterations in the hydrochemistry at both wells. We do not identify any precursory changes. Using multivariate statistical techniques and analyzing compositional changes before and after the mainshock, we infer that the hydrochemical anomalies at OW1, representing an immediate response to the mainshock, can be attributed to the potential breach of a hydrological barrier. This, in turn, allowed the infiltration of new water into the OW1 aquifer, potentially sourced from the nearby Brahmaputra River. Subsequently, during the post‐anomaly period, the earthquake‐induced fracturing and the associated changes in permeability sustained a prolonged period of mixing between surface water and groundwater, resulting in newly formed hydrochemistry at both wells. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of aquifer properties during earthquakes. Long‐term continuous evaluation of such changes may provide new insights into feedback between tectonics and fluid flow in the crust.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Changes Record Groundwater Mixing After a Regional Earthquake in Northeast India

Kumar,

Manga,

Nair

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…In contrast, groundwater geochemical changes induced by earthquakes have been documented relatively rarely (Martinelli, 2020;Shi et al, 2020) because manual sampling and expensive, time-consuming laboratory analyses are required (Wang and Manga, 2010). However, such studies are highly important because earthquake-related chemical changes are considered to be sensitive to crustal stress and to be beneficial for earthquake prediction (Thomas, 1988;Wakita, 1996;Poitrasson et al, 1999;Manga and Wang, 2015;Martinelli and Dadomo, 2017;Shi et al, 2020;Kopylova et al, 2022). For instance, based in part on hundreds of hydrological anomalies including geochemical changes, an imminent prediction was made before the 1975 M 7.3 Haicheng earthquake in China (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater trace element changes were probably induced by the ML3.3 earthquake in Chaoyang district, Beijing

Chen,

Liu

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Geochemical composition changes in groundwater related to earthquakes have been documented in previous studies, and most such studies focused on the changes in major ions, hydrogen, oxygen isotopes, and geochemical gases. Changes in trace elements were suggested to be more sensitive to small earthquakes than the commonly used chemical constituents such as major ions, yet they received less attention. Beijing is located in the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic belt and experiences frequent occurrences of small earthquakes. In this paper, we collected groundwater samples from a hot spring in Yanqing district of Beijing weekly from August 2021 to August 2022. Each water sample contained 41 trace chemical compositions. During the sampling, an earthquake with a magnitude of ML3.3 occurred in the Chaoyang district of Beijing on 3 February 2022, so these trace elements changes were systematically monitored before and after the earthquake: Li, Sc, Ti, and Pb elements had upward changes before the earthquake, while Cu, Nb, Th, Zn, Tl, and U elements had downward changes before the earthquake. Eu (rare earth elements) had upward changes after the earthquake. At the same time, the earthquake caused no significant changes in the groundwater level in the seismic monitoring well near the Songshan spring. Such responses indicate that trace elements are likely to be more sensitive to crustal strain than groundwater level. We considered that the earthquake-induced rock cracks before or after the earthquake caused enhancing water-rock interaction and led to the migration of trace elements between the water column and rocks, which is the mechanism to explain the trace elemental changes. This study probably provides a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity of trace element constituents to the earthquake. Furthermore, we suggest that more long-term continuous monitoring and research of trace elements in Beijing and Zhangjiakou-Bohai Fault Zone should be considered to explore the response mechanism of groundwater geochemistry to earthquakes in the future.

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Tax scheme for agricultural technology innovation incentive

Chen

Guo

Nie

2023

Paddy Water Environ

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Earthquake Precursors in the Ionic and Gas Composition of Groundwater: A Review of World Data

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Water Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Changes Record Groundwater Mixing After a Regional Earthquake in Northeast India

Water Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Changes Record Groundwater Mixing After a Regional Earthquake in Northeast India

Groundwater trace element changes were probably induced by the ML3.3 earthquake in Chaoyang district, Beijing

Tax scheme for agricultural technology innovation incentive

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