Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Based on VLF Data Using a Novel Intersection-Union Method

Abstract

Abstract. Electromagnetic phenomena, especially those in the Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency (VLF/LF) bands are promising for short-term earthquake prediction. Seismo-ionospheric perturbations cause a variety of changes in different receiver-transmitter VLF/LF signal paths. Therefore, independent and simultaneous observations at different points thus in different VLF/LF signal propagation paths are necessary to better predict the earthquake. Most of the previous research on VLF data have been based on one path or limited number of paths which examined perturbations in the time domain and less attention has been paid to estimate the location of the earthquake. In the present research, using wavelet analysis, the temporal variations of seismo-ionospheric perturbations and the approximate time of earthquake are predicted. Clear disturbances are observed two weeks before the Kumamoto earthquake happened in Japan in 2016. The novelty of this study is to present an approach called Intersection-Union method to predict earthquake location. Based on the geometry of a VLF/LF network, the Intersection-Union method was introduced to estimate the earthquake epicenter. This method is based on the overlay of earthquake occurrence probable areas. With simultaneous use of different propagation paths by the Intersection-Union method, an area with a radius of about 300 km was determined as the probable location of the earthquake epicenter. The accuracy of the proposed method is 300 km compared with 1000 km accuracy of other earthquake location prediction scenarios.

Spectral Analysis and Information Entropy Approaches to Data of VLF Disturbances in the Waveguide Earth-Ionosphere

“…The potential of using VLF data for earthquake prediction is discussed even recently by [ 12 ]. The authors considered the two-week period before the Kumamoto earthquakes in 2016, analyzing changes both in time and space.…”