“…It notes that much of the progress has been in developing the data catalogs to train the AI models on, such as their own STEAD dataset. In fact, there have been recent claims of success using AI models [1,8,10,11], where some accuracy quotes are over 90%. The paper [1] measures the upper atmosphere's Ionospheric total electron content, which originates in the rock, while the paper [8] considers water vapour in volcanic regions.…”