Earthquakes' impact on hydrothermal systems may be far‐reaching

Johnson, H. Paul; Dziak, Robert P.; Fisher, Charles R.; Fox, Christopher G.; Pruis, Matthew J.

doi:10.1029/01eo00127

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“… Fluid temperature changes in a diffuse hydrothermal vent that is associated with a distant earthquake (after Johnson et al. 2001).…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1998; Sohn et al. 1998, 1999a; Johnson et al. 2000a, 2001), decreased fluid temperature (Dziak et al.…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2000a, 2001), decreased fluid temperature (Dziak et al. 2003), large‐scale oscillations in fluid temperature (Johnson et al. 2001), changes that occur immediately prior to earthquakes (Johnson et al.…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2003), large‐scale oscillations in fluid temperature (Johnson et al. 2001), changes that occur immediately prior to earthquakes (Johnson et al. 2001), delayed responses which vary from a few days to a month (Johnson et al.…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Converting fluid temperature and specific discharge to heat flux indicated that this small 1 m 2 area of low temperature venting was emitting 260 W m −2 over the year‐long deployment period (Pruis 2004). The variability of the fluid temperature ranged from over 40°C just after deployment to less than 10°C several years later, with several large‐scale variations associated with regional tectonic activity (Johnson et al. 2001).…”

Section: Sampling Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean

2006

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The oceanic upper crustal reservoir is a 600-m thick layer of porous and permeable basaltic rock that forms the uppermost igneous basement underlying the global ocean. Pore spaces within this fluid aquifer contain a significant fraction of the global seawater, and active circulation through this reservoir has profound influence on the chemical composition of the ocean, strongly impacting the biological environment near the sea surface. Because of the relative inaccessibility of the deep seafloor, where hydrothermal fluid discharges and seawater re-charges the oceanic crustal aquifer, our understanding of the dynamic physical, chemical and biological processes is strongly dependent on our ability to obtain uncontaminated samples from this challenging environment. Recent technological advances have addressed some, but certainly not all of these sampling problems, providing new data and samples that test our current hypotheses about the crustal fluid reservoir. Current scientific interest in the sub-seafloor biosphere has focused on the uppermost igneous oceanic crust as likely to be one of the most habitable environments, because of its porosity and locus of hydrothermal circulation of chemical nutrients. Recent observations indicate that sub-seafloor crustal environments harbor novel CO 2 -utilizing bacteria (primary producers) that could be a significant source of carbon-fixation in the ocean, thus broadening possible habitable zones both on Earth and elsewhere where microbial life could exist independent of nutrient input from photosynthesis.

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“… Fluid temperature changes in a diffuse hydrothermal vent that is associated with a distant earthquake (after Johnson et al. 2001).…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1998; Sohn et al. 1998, 1999a; Johnson et al. 2000a, 2001), decreased fluid temperature (Dziak et al.…”

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oceanic Upper Crustal Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean

2006

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A two‐year physicochemical and acoustic observation reveals spatiotemporal effects of earthquake‐induced shallow‐water hydrothermal venting on the surrounding environments

Chiu,

Wang,

Wei

et al. 2024

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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Shallow‐water hydrothermal vents have gained growing attention for their intricate characteristics caused by various epipelagic factors. The shallow‐water hydrothermal system offshore Kueishan Island, Taiwan, situated in an earthquake‐prone area, has prompted our exploration into the relationship between hydrothermal and seismic activities. Our 2‐yr observation uncovered that the hydrothermal venting entered a silent period in November 2020, followed by a resurgence of activity after September 2021, coinciding with high‐frequency shallow earthquakes occurring within 5 km of the vents. The pH level, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pCO2, , and sulfide served as indicators of hydrothermal activity, contributing to environmental changes in habitats during period transition. However, peering physicochemical and soundscape conditions, distinctions may still arise during two separate active periods. Through multivariate analysis, this study highlights the variability of shallow‐water hydrothermal vents, emphasizing the necessity for more frequent and detailed investigations to further understand these extreme and dynamic marine ecosystems.

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Groundwater Temperature

Wang

Manga

2021

Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences

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Changes of temperature in response to earthquakes have long been documented and, in the case where systematic patterns of change can be discerned, may reveal important hydrogeologic processes. Progress in our understanding of these processes, however, has been slow, largely because systematic measurements are relatively scarce. In this chapter we review some cases where earthquake-induced changes of groundwater temperature were documented and interpreted. More importantly, we show that most interpretations are under-constrained and accurate explanation of the measured changes is often difficult. In order to better constrain the interpretation, co-located measurement of groundwater flow from conductive fractures or formations intersecting the wells is needed to interpret temperature measurements. An often neglected mechanism is turbulent mixing of water in wells, which may occur frequently during earthquakes because the water column in a well at thermal equilibrium with the local geotherm is usually in a state of mechanical disequilibrium.

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Earthquakes' impact on hydrothermal systems may be far‐reaching

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean

On sampling the upper crustal reservoir of the NE Pacific Ocean

A two‐year physicochemical and acoustic observation reveals spatiotemporal effects of earthquake‐induced shallow‐water hydrothermal venting on the surrounding environments

Groundwater Temperature

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