Ebola Virus Diseases

Abstract

Since the first reported outbreak of Ebola in 1976, there have been approximately 25 outbreaks all of which, except two, have been reported only in east and central Africa. The current outbreak and a single case reported in 1994 in Ivory Coast are the only two outbreaks in West Africa (7). However, the current outbreak, which stared in Guinea (Bissau) in March 2014, remains the deadliest today and the epidemic is still ongoing. New cases are reported daily, particularly in Liberia. This outbreak is unprecedented in many ways. It is the most persisting, lasting more than five months. The spread is across nations and has the largest number of victims. Close to 1500 individuals are dead and very close to 3000 people are infected. More doctors and nurses and other health care workers are infected when compared with previous outbreaks. Over 240 healthcare workers are infected with more than 120 deaths (7). This outbreak also has the least fatality when compared to previous outbreaks. So far, 47% of those infected survive the disease. This work outlines the previous outbreaks and gives a brief summary of current knowledge about EVD. INFECTIONS DE VIRUS D'EBOLA (VEB) *Elisha, A. &Adegboro, B.

Health care workers indicate ill preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Ashanti Region of Ghana

“…This was partly due to the poor and weak health systems coupled with unprepared and unskilled frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) compounded by poor understanding of the disease dynamics tied to lack of requisite resources. During the early part of 2014, the emergence of EVD [ 1 ] in Guinea, jolted the health care systems of West African sub-region claiming over 9800 lives [ 2 ] including more than 491 (58.7%) deaths of HCWs from 839 infections [ 2 ]. This epidemic therefore reinforced the fact that HCWs are at high-risk of being infected with the disease in line with their core duties.…”

Highly conserved regions in Ebola virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase may be act as a universal novel peptide vaccine target: a computational approach

“…There are five separate Ebola virus species have been identified, four of which are disease causing to humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Taï Forest virus (Taï Forest ebolavirus, formerly Côte d’Ivoire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyoebolavirus) (Hoenen et al 2012 ). The fifth one, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), is harmful to nonhuman primates, but not to humans (Elisha and Adegboro 2014 , Geisbert et al 2009 ). Among the recognized species of ebolavirus, the notoriously deadly Zaire ebolavirus is responsible for epidemics which have been taken place mainly in African countries including Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Sudan, the Ivory Coast, and Gabon (Baize et al 2014 , Chowell et al 2004 , Feldmann et al 2003 , Frieden et al 2014 , Hewlett and Hewlett 2005 , Kuhn et al 2010 , Li and Chen 2014 , Rouquet et al 2005 ).…”

Vulnerability of Ebola Virus outbreak in Bangladesh

“…The infection is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people 2 . When an infection does occur in humans, there are several ways in which the virus can be transmitted to others like direct contact with the blood or secretions of an infected person and exposure to objects.…”