EBV infection drives MS pathology: Yes

Aloisi, Francesca; Salvetti, Marco

doi:10.1177/13524585241235825

Mult Scler

2024

DOI: 10.1177/13524585241235825

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EBV infection drives MS pathology: Yes

Francesca Aloisi,

Marco Salvetti

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2024

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Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis

Rasheed,

Khan

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with no definitive trigger. However, epidemiological studies indicate that environmental factors, such as infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and low vitamin D (Vit D) levels in genetically predisposed individuals, are important risk factors. One leading proposal is that EBV triggers MS via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, where activated autoreactive B and T lymphocytes mistakenly target self-antigens. In line with other risk factors, low serum Vit D level, genetic polymorphism of Vit D receptor, and higher incidence of MS in countries in the northern hemisphere, suggest that Vit D also plays a role in MS pathology. Vitamin D, known for its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, helps maintain a balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells. Studies and ongoing clinical trials indicate that hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased risk of MS, and Vit D supplement can help to reduce the disease severity. Moreover, hypovitaminosis D has also been associated with a dysregulated immune system and an increased risk of developing MS. This review explores how these three well-recognized risk factors - EBV infection, hypovitaminosis D, and dysregulated immune system - interact in the pathogenesis of MS. Understanding these interactions and their consequences could provide new insights into novel therapeutic approaches for treating this devastating disease.

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Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis

Rasheed,

Khan

2024

Front. Immunol.

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EBV infection drives MS pathology: Yes

Cited by 1 publication

References 11 publications

Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis

Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D and the immune response: connections with consequences for multiple sclerosis

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