Echinococcoses in Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan: Old Diseases in the New Millennium

Borhani, Mehdi; Fathi, Saeed; Darabi, Enayat; Jalousian, Fatemeh; Şimşek, Sami; Ahmed, Haroon; Kesik, Harun Kaya; Hosseini, Seyed Hossein; Römig, Thomas; Harandi, Majid Fasihi; Mobedi, Iraj

doi:10.1128/cmr.00290-20

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…In high-income countries lack of responsible ownership, abandonment and escape or loss of pet dogs are among the main causes of increasing FRD population, while in low/middle income countries, FRD populations are on the rise due to poor population management schemes and a cultural barrier and perceptions towards the adoption of FRDs 4 , 5 . FRDs are potentially capable of transmitting several zoonotic infections to humans including cystic echinococcosis 6 , rabies 7 , visceral leishmaniasis 8 and soil transmitted helminthes 9 . In addition traffic accidents and environmental health issues are associated with free-roaming dog population 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modeling of female neutering interventions for free-roaming dog population management in an urban setting of southeastern Iran

Shamsaddini

Gohari

Kamyabi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Understanding dynamics of free-roaming dog (FRD) population is critical for planning and implementation of dog population management programs. FRD population size estimation as well as dynamic modeling of dog population under different female dog neutering interventions were investigated in order to determine the most appropriate animal birth control approach. We performed population size estimate of dogs using sight-resight surveys by photography in a randomly selected 25 blocks of the city and all the suburbs of greater Kerman area. Main demographic features were characterized and the dog density distribution was mapped. A dynamic model was developed to predict free-roaming dog population variations after 5 and 10 years. Different scenarios based on 10, 30, 50, 60 and 70% female dog sterilization were considered to predict the effects of animal birth control measures. Free roaming dog population was estimated at 6781 dogs (65.3% males) in Kerman and suburbs with several major population hotspots. Analysis of the dog locations within the city showed that the largest proportion of the dogs were observed in the vacant lots (46.2%). Modeling predictions indicated that, in the absence of management, the free-roaming dog population could increase from a baseline of 6781 to 13,665 dogs (2.02 fold increase) in 5 years and to 19,376 dogs in 10 years (2.86 fold increase). Using a population dynamics model, we simulated five neutering coverages to explore the impact of female neutering on free-roaming dog population size. The 5-year projections of the model have shown that 50% annual female dog sterilization significantly reduced free-roaming dog population by 0.44 comparing to the baseline population. Findings of the present study improve our knowledge on the nature and extent of dog population dynamics in Iran. Effective population control and selection of the most appropriate neutering interventions require a comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics and dynamics of FRD population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modeling of female neutering interventions for free-roaming dog population management in an urban setting of southeastern Iran

Shamsaddini

Gohari

Kamyabi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Cystic echinococcosis is an emerging disease with a worldwide geographic distribution and is endemic in many parts of world, including Pakistan. In Pakistan, limited studies are available on human CE by using serological tests (ELISA/IHA) to rule out the epidemiology of disease and its public health importance [1,[26][27][28][29]. To the best of our knowledge, the current report is the first retrospective study on the seropositivity of human CE in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an essential parasitic zoonotic disease in humans and livestock caused by larvae of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato [1]. The life cycle of the parasite comprises two hosts: the definitive carnivorous host (dogs, wolves, and foxes) in which the adult form of the parasite develops, and an herbivorous or omnivorous host in which the metacestode (larval stage) occurs [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Anti-Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Humans: An Update from Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato that causes economic losses by affecting livestock and also poses a public health threat worldwide. The present study is the first retrospective report on the seroprevalence of anti-E. granulosus antibodies in humans in Pakistan. The study used data from 93 blood analysis reports of patients suspected of having CE from different medical centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Out of 93 sera samples, 20 (21.5%) were seropositive, and higher seropositivity (17.2%) was recorded with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) than with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The findings indicated that age, gender, and year had no significant relationship with the seropositivity of CE. The current study provides directions towards the management of the disease in the near future in Pakistan.

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“…Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasitic disease with an extremely serious economic burden and poses great danger in human health 1 . Western China has a high incidence of hydatid disease 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasitic disease with an extremely serious economic burden and poses great danger in human health. 1 Western China has a high incidence of hydatid disease. 2 E. granulosus grows slowly, and more than 80% of echinococcosis cysts occur in the host liver, causing incurable damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

Zhang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) causes a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease. This parasite can occupy the liver and several areas of the body, causing incurable damage. Our previous studies have provided evidence that the recombinant protein P29 (rEg.P29) exhibit immune protection in sheep and mice against pathological damage induced by E. granulosus, showing its potential as candidate for vaccine development. However, information on the B‐cell epitopes of rEg.P29 has not yet been reported. Methods Immunological model was established in mice with rEg.P29. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot were used to identify protein. Screening for B‐cell dominant epitope peptides of rEg.P29 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immune serum. Dominant epitopes were validated using ELISA and flow cytometry. Multiple sequence alignment analysis was performed using BLAST and UniProt. Results Immunization with rEg.P29 induced intense and persistent antibody responses, and the epitope of the dominant antigen of B cells are identified as rEg.P29166–185 (LKNAKTAEQKAKWEAEVRKD). Anti‐rEg.P29166–185‐specific antibodies lack epitopes against IgA, IgE, and IgG3, compared to anti‐rEg.P29‐specific antibodies. However, anti‐rEg.P29166–185 IgG showed comparatively higher titers, as determined among those peptides by endpoint titration. In addition, rEg.P29 and rEg.P29166–185 promote B‐cell activation and proliferation in vitro. The dominant epitopes are relatively conserved in different subtypes of the rEg.P29 sequence. Conclusion rEg.P29166–185 can act as a dominant B‐cell epitope for rEg.P29 and promote cell activation and proliferation in the same way as rEg.P29.

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Echinococcoses in Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan: Old Diseases in the New Millennium

Abstract: Echinococcosis is considered a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by different species of small taeniid tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus and is regarded as a neglected zoonosis. Cystic and alveolar echinococcoses are endemic diseases of Tibetan, Pamir, and Iranian plateaus.

Cited by 44 publications

References 236 publications

Dynamic modeling of female neutering interventions for free-roaming dog population management in an urban setting of southeastern Iran

Dynamic modeling of female neutering interventions for free-roaming dog population management in an urban setting of southeastern Iran

Detection of Anti-Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Humans: An Update from Pakistan

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

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