Echinococcosis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review

Ghasemirad, Hamidreza; Bazargan, Nasrin; Shahesmaeili, Armita; Harandi, Majid Fasihi

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106490

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recently, HIV has been reported to be the most frequent immunodeficient infection in patients with CE 2 . In addition, some reports show that extrahepatic cystic disease is more frequent in people with HIV 7 , as has been described in cases with unusual locations such as the brain 13 , spinal cord 14 , eyeball 15 , kidney 16 , kidney-liver 17 ) and peritoneal 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, some reports show that extrahepatic cystic disease is more frequent in people with HIV 7 , as has been described in cases with unusual locations such as the brain 13 , spinal cord 14 , eyeball 15 , kidney 16 , kidney-liver 17 ) and peritoneal 18 . Most of these cases occurred in women 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis of worldwide impact caused by infection with the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus , found in dogs (definitive host), whose feces may contaminate soil, water and food 1 , 2 . The intermediate host (livestock) and humans become infected from contaminated elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equinococosis quística peritoneal diseminada en paciente con infección por VIH: reporte de caso

Ruíz-Pérez,

Huayapa-Avendaño,

Gómez Leyva

et al. 2023

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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La equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica producida por la larva de Echinococcus granulosus que es capaz de invadir diversos órganos desde su ubicación en el intestino humano. En los casos de coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), existe una diversidad de complicaciones condicionadas por la enfermedad inmunosupresora con pronóstico reservado. El objetivo de este reporte es describir un caso de equinococosis multiquística peritoneal en una paciente en tratamiento antiviral para VIH durante casi diez años, que recibió la combinación de albendazol más cirugía, con evolución favorable. Este reporte sería el primero en el Perú en una persona con inmunosupresión por VIH y equinococosis quística.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equinococosis quística peritoneal diseminada en paciente con infección por VIH: reporte de caso

Ruíz-Pérez,

Huayapa-Avendaño,

Gómez Leyva

et al. 2023

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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“…Unfortunately, no cyst stage information was provided, which weakens their conclusions. In their recent reviews, Russotto et al [24] reported that cystic echinococcosis is a common co-infection in patients with HIV in endemic countries, and Ghasemirad et al [25 ▪ ] specifically highlighted the impossibility, from current literature, to draw conclusions on any possible difference in the clinical course of the infection in immunocompromised compared with immunocompetent patients. No longitudinal studies compared the long-term outcome of patients with cystic echinococcosis and concomitant immunosuppressive conditions, which could provide robust data while avoiding the potential bias due to clinical observation and publication of only symptomatic, severe and complicated cases (Supplementary file 2, http://links.lww.com/COID/A49).…”

Section: Special Conditions: Immunosuppression and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Watch-and-wait approach for inactive echinococcal cysts: scoping review update since the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives

Brunetti

Tamarozzi

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review This work aims to provide an update of knowledge on the evolution of inactive cystic echinococcosis (CE) cysts (CE4-CE5) managed by ‘watch-and-wait’, by means of a scoping review of the literature published after the publication of the WHO-IWGE (Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis) Expert Consensus document in 2010. Recent findings A total of 31 articles were included. Population ultrasound-based studies showed that spontaneously inactivated CE cysts represent 50.2% (95% confidence interval 38.7–61.8) of all detected untreated CE cysts, and that the prevalence of CE4-CE5 cysts tends to increase with age. Four longitudinal population-based studies showed that CE cysts naturally tend to evolve towards inactivation and that spontaneously inactivated cysts reactivate in a minority of cases. This was confirmed by four hospital-based studies, showing that spontaneously inactivated cysts reactivate rarely, while rate of reactivation is higher if inactivity was obtained posttreatment. It was not possible to drive conclusions on any difference in the clinical course of infection in immunocompromised or pregnant patients. Summary CE cysts tend to evolve spontaneously to inactivation over time. The published literature supports the safety of the watch-and-wait approach for inactive cysts, sparing treatment to a substantial proportion of asymptomatic patients. A regular follow-up with ultrasound of all inactive cysts is required to detect reactivations.

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“…However, in a study conducted in Mozambique, the prevalence of parasitosis among PLWH has been evaluated: echinococcosis accounted for 17.3% of the overall prevalence [ 115 ]. More recently, the prevalence of echinococcosis in immunocompromised patients has been evaluated in a review by Ghasemirad et al [ 116 ], and HIV resulted in the most common condition in CE.…”

Section: Echinococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature

Russotto

Micali

Pellicanò

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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A zoonosis is an infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans. Some zoonoses are very common in the Mediterranean area and endemic in specific regions, so they represent an important problem for public health. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that has originated as a zoonosis and is now diffused globally, with the most significant numbers of infected people among the infectious diseases. Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the history for people living with HIV (PLWH) has changed drastically, and many diseases are now no different in epidemiology and prognosis as they are in not-HIV-infected people. Still, the underlying inflammatory state that is correlated with HIV and other alterations related to the infection itself can be a risk factor when infected with other bacteria, parasites or viruses. We reviewed the literature for infection by the most common Mediterranean zoonoses, such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, Brucella, Rickettsia, Borrelia, Listeria and Echinococcus, and a possible correlation with HIV. We included Monkeypox, since the outbreak of cases is becoming a concern lately. We found that HIV may be related with alterations of the microbiome, as for campylobacteriosis, and that there are some zoonoses with a significant prevalence in PLWH, as for salmonellosis.

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Echinococcosis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Equinococosis quística peritoneal diseminada en paciente con infección por VIH: reporte de caso

Equinococosis quística peritoneal diseminada en paciente con infección por VIH: reporte de caso

Watch-and-wait approach for inactive echinococcal cysts: scoping review update since the issue of the WHO-IWGE Expert Consensus and current perspectives

HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature

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