Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family: Further studies of strain polymorphism at the genomic and transcriptional levels

Muzulin, Patricia M.; Kamenetzky, Laura; Gutierrez, Ariana M.; Guarnera, Eduardo; Rosenzvit, Mara Cecília

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2007.07.004

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In concordance with the previous data, Muzulin et al [22] suggested that AgB2-related sequences may be subjected to selective pressure to present as a functional gene exclusively in G1/ G2 strains and as non-functional genes (can not be translated into a functional protein) in G5 and the G6/G7 cluster suggesting inter-strain variation. Furthermore, analysis of E. granulosus isolates from different geographical areas, including Egypt by Frosch et al [23] revealed AgB1 nucleotide sequence differences at conserved positions that resulted in altered amino acid sequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

et al. 2009

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Genetic polymorphisms of encoding antigen B2 gene (AgB2) in Echinococcus granulosus were studied using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing among 20 Egyptian isolates. Five isolates from different host origins (humans, camels, pigs, and sheep) were collected and used. All examined isolates of each host group gave very similar patterns of PCR-RFLP after restriction enzyme digestion with AluI, with the gene size of approximately 140 bp and 240 bp for sheep and human isolates, and approximately 150 bp and 250 bp for pig and camel isolates. No digestion pattern was obtained after incubation of all studied isolates with EcoRI. These results reveal high intra-group homogeneity. DNA sequence analysis highlighted that human infecting strain showed 100% identity with respect to sheep infecting isolate, 96% and 99% with pig and camel infecting isolates, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

et al. 2009

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“…Molecular studies show that E. granulosus AgB is encoded by a multigene family having at least five gene loci (B1-B5), each consisting of several minor variants grouped into two clusters: EgAgB1/B3/B5 and EgAgB2/B4 [33][34][35][36][37]. In contrast with previous data, showing that E. granulosus strains differ in the types of genomic and transcribed EgAgB sequences, a recent study demonstrated that each of the genes is identical in both larval and adult E. granulosus isolates collected from two geographical areas (different continents) [38,39]. The E. granulosus AgB gene family comprises at least 10 unique genes in five subclasses which are differentially expressed.…”

Section: Immunomodulating Molecules: Role Of Antigen B and Of Other Nmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Siracusano¹,

Delunardo²,

Teggi³

et al. 2012

EMIDDT

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected infectious disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. During CE, the distinguishing feature of the host-parasite relationship is that chronic infection coexists with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite. In order to establish successfully an infection, E. granulosus releases molecules that directly modulate the host immune responses favoring a strong anti-inflammatory response and perpetuating parasite survival in the host. In vitro and in vivo immunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation of E. granulosus infection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss how these observations helped to understand the immunology of E. granulosus infection in man. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-relationship in human CE, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease require more studies. We need to define more clearly the events that manipulate the host immune response to protect the E. granulosus from elimination and minimizing severe pathology in the host.

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“…canadensis (G6 and G7 genotypes) and E . ortleppi (G5 genotype) metacestode [32,33]. In particular, AgB2 was proposed to be a pseudogene in E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a low-scale sequencing analysis of E . canadensis genomic DNA, revealed that AgB2 -related sequences (named EgB2G6v15 to EgB2G6v17 and EgB2G7v15, EgB2G7v18 and EgB2G7v19) contained a substitution at the splicing site (GT-TG instead of GT-AG) that probably interferes with the splicing, leading to the formation of a premature stop codon [32,33]. Taking advantage of the recently available genome of E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies at transcriptional level failed to identify mRNA coding for a functional AgB2 product in E . canadensis G7; detected AgB2 mRNA transcripts were compatible with the use of an upstream AG dinucleotide in the second exon as splice acceptor site that would yield a protein considerably shorter than AgB8/2 due to a premature stop codon [33]. Nevertheless, these studies were carried out using protoscoleces derived from a single cyst of G7 origin (Muzulin et al, 2008), and the germinal layer constitutes a metacestode structure relevant in terms of AgB expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Antigen B Protein Species Present in the Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus canadensis G7 Genotype

et al. 2017

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The larva of cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex causes cystic echinococcosis (CE). It is a globally distributed zoonosis with significant economic and public health impact. The most immunogenic and specific Echinococcus-genus antigen for human CE diagnosis is antigen B (AgB), an abundant lipoprotein of the hydatid cyst fluid (HF). The AgB protein moiety (apolipoprotein) is encoded by five genes (AgB1-AgB5), which generate mature 8 kDa proteins (AgB8/1-AgB8/5). These genes seem to be differentially expressed among Echinococcus species. Since AgB immunogenicity lies on its protein moiety, differences in AgB expression within E. granulosus s.l. complex might have diagnostic and epidemiological relevance for discriminating the contribution of distinct species to human CE. Interestingly, AgB2 was proposed as a pseudogene in E. canadensis, which is the second most common cause of human CE, but proteomic studies for verifying it have not been performed yet. Herein, we analysed the protein and lipid composition of AgB obtained from fertile HF of swine origin (E. canadensis G7 genotype). AgB apolipoproteins were identified and quantified using mass spectrometry tools. Results showed that AgB8/1 was the major protein component, representing 71% of total AgB apolipoproteins, followed by AgB8/4 (15.5%), AgB8/3 (13.2%) and AgB8/5 (0.3%). AgB8/2 was not detected. As a methodological control, a parallel analysis detected all AgB apolipoproteins in bovine fertile HF (G1/3/5 genotypes). Overall, E. canadensis AgB comprised mostly AgB8/1 together with a heterogeneous mixture of lipids, and AgB8/2 was not detected despite using high sensitivity proteomic techniques. This endorses genomic data supporting that AgB2 behaves as a pseudogene in G7 genotype. Since recombinant AgB8/2 has been found to be diagnostically valuable for human CE, our findings indicate that its use as antigen in immunoassays could contribute to false negative results in areas where E. canadensis circulates. Furthermore, the presence of anti-AgB8/2 antibodies in serum may represent a useful parameter to rule out E. canadensis infection when human CE is diagnosed.

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Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family: Further studies of strain polymorphism at the genomic and transcriptional levels

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

Cystic Echinococcosis: Aspects of Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host

Characterisation of Antigen B Protein Species Present in the Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus canadensis G7 Genotype

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