Echinococcus granulosus infection in foxes in Coquimbo District, Chile

Acosta‐Jamett, Gerardo; Cleaveland, Sarah; Bronsvoort, BM de C; Cunningham, A. A.; Bradshaw, Helen; Craig, P. S.

doi:10.4067/s0301-732x2015000300021

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The human:dog ratio in the Coquimbo region varies between 1 and 2 in rural areas and between 5 and 6 in the urban settings of the cities Coquimbo and Ovalle [ 16 ]. He also showed data referring to the presence of coproantigens in 7/28 “chilla” fox ( Lycalopex griseus ) in the Coquimbo region [ 17 ]. Human prevalence, based in serological tests, showed a rate of 2.6 % (10/403) and a coproantigen test in the same area of the Coquimbo region showed a rate of 28 % (26/93) for dogs [ 8 ].…”

Section: Objectives Of the Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

First meeting “Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans”

et al. 2016

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This report summarizes the outcomes of a meeting on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in animals and humans in Chile held in Santiago, Chile, between the 21st and 22nd of January 2016. The meeting participants included representatives of the Departamento de Zoonosis, Ministerio de Salud (Zoonotic Diseases Department, Ministry of Health), representatives of the Secretarias Regionales del Ministerio de Salud (Regional Department of Health, Ministry of Health), Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario (National Institute for the Development of Agriculture and Livestock, INDAP), Instituto de Salud Pública (National Institute for Public Health, ISP) and the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (Animal Health Department, SAG), academics from various universities, veterinarians and physicians. Current and future CE control activities were discussed. It was noted that the EG95 vaccine was being implemented for the first time in pilot control programmes, with the vaccine scheduled during 2016 in two different regions in the South of Chile. In relation to use of the vaccine, the need was highlighted for acquiring good quality data, based on CE findings at slaughterhouse, previous to initiation of vaccination so as to enable correct assessment of the efficacy of the vaccine in the following years. The current world’s-best-practice concerning the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the screening population in highly endemic remote and poor areas was also discussed.

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Section: Objectives Of the Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

First meeting “Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans”

et al. 2016

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“…In Kazakhstan, which has one of the world's largest wolf populations [54], 19.5% of evaluated wolves were observed to be infected with E. granulosus. Globally, E. multilocularis is widely prevalent among foxes [55][56][57][58] while E. granulosus appears much less abundant [59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA

et al. 2019

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Background: Canids are definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. This study aimed to survey these two Echinococcus species in canids of North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, using morphological criteria and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Methods: The carcasses of 106 canids, namely 61 jackals (Canis aureus), 23 foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 19 dogs (Canis familiaris) and three wolves (Canis lupus) were collected from the study area in 2013-2014 and examined for Echinococcus species. Morphological features were assessed by microscopy of adult worms. For molecular characterization, DNA was extracted, mostly from the adult worms but also from eggs. DNA fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned and compared with reference sequences. Intraspecific and interspecific diversity were calculated and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results: Overall, 9.4% of the canids (eight jackals and two foxes) were found infected with E. multilocularis by molecular methods, of which seven cases were also confirmed using morphological description of the adult worms. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 6.6% of the canines (four dogs, two jackals and one wolf) as determined by both molecular methods and adult cestode morphology. All E. granulosus isolates were identified as the G1 genotype. Comparative sequence analysis indicated 0-0.7% and 0% intraspecific divergence within E. granulosus isolates and 0% and 0-0.2% within E. multilocularis isolates for cox1 and nad1, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus in canids of North-Khorasan Province of Iran. Jackals were found infected with both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus, but infection with the former species was higher.

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“…The Ralco National Reserve is located within the commune, and although no reports of native mammals have been published, the commune is within the distribution of chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus), which have reportedly been infected with E. granulosus s.l. [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Vaccination Program against Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep in the Pehuenche Community of Central Chile

Gädicke

Heath

Medina-Brunet

et al. 2022

Animals

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Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis that uses dogs and sheep as its main hosts in Chile. The Eg95 vaccine against sheep infection has been included in some control programs. Here, we assess the efficacy of the vaccination program in the hyperendemic Alto Biobío commune after 3 years of execution. Fisher’s test and generalized linear models were used in the assessment. The program tried to offer a first dose at 2 months of age, a booster 1 month later, and yearly vaccination. Given logistic difficulties, important delays in vaccination occurred, and most animals did not receive the first booster. Dog deworming was not included in the program. Likely due to the aforementioned factors, the overall frequency of infection was not lower, but the proportion of large (>5 mm) cysts and fertile cysts was smaller after the program. The frequency of infection and/or the number of cysts were lower when the age at first dose was younger and the first booster was administered 1 month after the first dose. The results suggest that vaccination affects both cyst development after the larvae reach the target organs, as well as the development of the protoscolex once the cysts start developing.

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Echinococcus granulosus infection in foxes in Coquimbo District, Chile

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

First meeting “Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans”

First meeting “Cystic echinococcosis in Chile, update in alternatives for control and diagnostics in animals and humans”

Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA

Assessment of the Vaccination Program against Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep in the Pehuenche Community of Central Chile

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