Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto G1 is the predominant genotype in human and livestock isolates from Turkey and Iran, based on mitochondrial nad5 gene differentiation

Abstract

Background Different genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) isolated from livestock and humans have been identified based on cox1 and nad1 genomic fragments. The present study was performed to differentiate the G1/G3 genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus (s.s.) isolated from humans and livestock (sheep and cattle) from Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran, Fars Province in southern Iran, and Van province in Eastern Turkey, using the nad5 gene fragment as a suitable marker to distinguish these two genotypes. Methods A total of 60 pathologically confirmed human hydatid cysts and 90 hydatid cyst samples from livestock were collected from Turkey and Iran. PCR was performed on all of the samples, targeting the nad5 gene. Based on PCR product quality, host type, and the geographical area where the samples were obtained, 36 of the samples were sequenced and were used in the phylogenetic analysis. Results Out of 36 evaluated samples, 26 (72.2%) samples belonged to G1, and 10 (27.8%) samples belonged to the G3 genotype. Out of 21 samples from Turkey, 16 (76.2%) were G1 and 5 (23.8%) were G3, while out of 15 samples from Iran, 10 (66.7%) were G1 and 5 (33.3%) were the G3 genotype. None of the samples isolated from humans in Iran or from sheep in Turkey were G3. Overall, between the two countries, 18.18% of E. granulosus isolates in cattle, 41.66% of isolates in sheep, and 23.07% of human samples were identified as G3, and the others as the G1 genotype. The G3 genotype was not detected in human samples from Iran or sheep samples from Turkey. Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that the G1 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. is the predominant genotype in humans and livestock, both in Turkey and Iran. The ratio of the E. granulosus s.s. G1 to G3 genotype was 3.2 in Turkey and 2 in Iran. The study also further confirmed that the nad5 gene properly differentiated the G1/G3 isolates of E. granulosus from both humans and livestock. Graphical Abstract

Türkiye'deki Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato'nun genetik çeşitliliğine genel bir bakış

“…It was determined that none of the samples isolated from human host in Iran or sheep host in Turkey were G3 genotype. [30] A study from southeast region, a total of 159 tissue samples taken from suspected echinococcosis cases were examined by PCR based methods. As consequence, it was determined that eight of 25 (32%) echinococcal isolates were E. multilocularis and 17 of 25 isolates were E. granulosus s.s. (G1-G3 genotypes).…”

Identification and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from human clinical samples in Guilan province, north of Iran

“…According to sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), E. granulosus sensu lato has been classified into four species and eight genotype: E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 and G3), Echinococcus equinus (G4), Echinococcus ortleppi (G5), and Echinococcus canadensis (G6, G7, G8 and G10) ( Casulli et al, 2012 ; Manterola et al, 2021 ). The G1 and G3 are the predominant genotypes identified in livestock and humans in Iran ( Shahabi et al, 2021 ). Approximately 1% of the surgeries performed in medical centers in Iran are due to hydatid cysts, and the reported prevalence of CE infection in surgical cases ranges from 1.1 to 18.3 per 100,000 population ( Fasihi Harandi et al, 2012 ).…”

Recommendations for the ethical guidelines for publication of scientific studies: The responsibilities of editors, reviewers and the authors

“…Anesthesiologists, immunologists and parasitologists do not take part in the clinical management of HD. Parasitologists and immunologists play an important role in the both developing experimental models for behavior of the parasites and immunodiagnostics [ 6 , 7 ]. The public health professionals have a role in epidemiologic studies for the global distribution of the HD [ 8 ].…”