Eco-Friendly Alternative Disposal through the Pyrolysis Process of Meat and Bone Meal

Abstract

The capitalization of agri-food waste is essential for the sustainability of a circular economy. This work focuses on a solution to eliminate such waste, meat and bone meal (MBM), which is produced in large quantities by the food industry and is prohibited for use as animal feed under the European directives. Therefore, with the focus of converting waste to energy, the catalytic pyrolysis of MBM in the presence of mesoporous silica nanocatalysts (SBA-3 and SBA-16 materials and metallic derivates) was investigated in a home-made reactor for the production of renewable energy. The mesoporous silica materials were synthesized using relatively simple methods and then characterized in order to determine their morpho-structural characteristics. The MBM pyrolysis behavior under different experimental conditions was examined in detail, both in the presence and absence of the new catalysts. The resulting MBM-based pyrolysis products, MBMPYOILs and MBMPYGASs, were also assessed as potential alternative fuels, highlighting comparable energy values to conventional fuels. The outcomes of this investigation offer a potential pathway to the clean production of gas and oil, thus promoting the high-grade utilization of MBM waste.

Mesoporous Silica Nanocatalyst-Based Pyrolysis of a By-Product of Paper Manufacturing, Black Liquor

“…The BL used in the pyrolysis processes was in a viscous liquid state, with a coloration ranging from dark brown to black, and was not subjected to any other treatment, as shown in Figure 2. Within the framework of this study, three types of catalysts (Ni-SBA-16, Ni-SBA-3, and Cu-Zn-MCM-41) were previously developed [8,18]. Briefly, for the Ni-SBA-16 catalyst, Pluronic P127 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) was solvated in ultrapure water and 37% hydrochloric acid (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

“…The mixture was then subjected to hydrothermal treatment (100 °C) for 24 h, and the resulting solid was filtered, dried, and calcined at 550 °C (6 h) to eliminate the residual surfactant. The resulting material, denoted as SBA-16 was used as a support to impregnate the nickel acetate solution (1.34% Ni concentration) (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and the resulting product was dried for 24 h in air and then calcined at 550 °C (6 h) [8,18]. Within the framework of this study, three types of catalysts (Ni-SBA-16, Ni-SBA-3, and Cu-Zn-MCM-41) were previously developed [8,18].…”

“…The resulting material, denoted as SBA-16 was used as a support to impregnate the nickel acetate solution (1.34% Ni concentration) (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and the resulting product was dried for 24 h in air and then calcined at 550 °C (6 h) [8,18]. Within the framework of this study, three types of catalysts (Ni-SBA-16, Ni-SBA-3, and Cu-Zn-MCM-41) were previously developed [8,18]. Briefly, for the Ni-SBA-16 catalyst, Pluronic P127 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) was solvated in ultrapure water and 37% hydrochloric acid (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

“…Utilizing waste as feedstock for energy generation opens pathways to new alternative fuels, promoting better management of natural resources and sustainability. Consequently, numerous scientific studies have documented the energetic qualities of products resulting from the pyrolysis of various types of waste, including sewage sludge [5], agricultural waste [6], plastic waste [7], bone meal [8], and black liquor (BL) from the paper manufacturing process [9].…”

Effects of straw addition on the physicochemical and microbial features of black soldier fly larvae frass derived from fish meat and bone meal

“…Because of its high protein contents (48–52%), balanced amino acids and digestible minerals (e.g. calcium and phosphorus) (Zaharioiu et al, 2022), MBM has been used in animal feed (Choi et al, 2021; Moutinho et al, 2017) or as soil amendments (Staroń et al, 2017). MBM has recently been demonstrated to suppress pathogenic microbes in compost (X.…”