Eco-Friendly Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Determination of Lesinurad in Its Pharmaceutical Formulation and in the Presence of Its Degradation Products

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to create solid contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) for the purpose of selectively determining lesinurad (LES) in both its pure form and pharmaceutical dosage form where potential degradation products and impurities may be present. To achieve that goal, an electrochemical sensor with graphene nanomaterial as an ion-to-electron transducer was constructed using the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a substrate. A number of plasticizers were tested to find the best plasticizer for creating the potentiometric sensors, where 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) revealed the optimum response and nearly Nernstian slope. Sensor was characterized and the linear range was 5.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M, and the calculated LOD was found to be 4.9 × 10−7 M. The developed sensor’s performance was evaluated as per the IUPAC requirements. Lesinurad was successfully determined in its pharmaceutical tablets using the proposed sensor. Additionally, statistical comparison of the developed method with the reported HPLC results has been carried out using student’s t-test and F-value, where no significant difference was found. Using the AGREE tool, the suggested method’s greenness was assessed and contrasted with the published HPLC one.