Ecological Challenges and Vulnerability Assessment for Exploring the Adaptation-Development Nexus for Sustainability in Alaknanda River Basin, Uttarakhand, India

Strengthening climate resilience in mountainous areas

“…These are informed, in turn, by gender-based sociocultural norms and conventional gender responsibilities (Wester et al, 2019[38]). Many men (approximately 100 000 over the last decade) have left rural areas for better job opportunities outside the state (Naudiyal, Arunachalam and Kumar, 2019 [152]; Panda, Kumar Gupta and Kaur, 2020 [153]). This means more women live in mountainous areas, and thus more exposed to natural hazards.…”

“…Actors at the sub-state level often have greater access to remote terrains in mountainous areas than statelevel officials. Enhancing engagement with sub-state level actors and their capacities can therefore help the state government ensure its support reaches the needy in remote villages (Panda, Kumar Gupta and Kaur, 2020 [153]; Maikhuri et al, 2017[150]). Various development co-operation providers help build capacity for local officials of the state departments.…”