Ecological Considerations for the use of Entomopathogens in IPM

Fuxa, James R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.32.010187.001301

Cited by 140 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Because D. radicum eggs were placed on the soil surface near the root (where eggs of D. radicum are naturally laid), surface application may have deposited nematodes closer to D. radicum larvae than the subsurface application. The ability of the nematodes to remain active or persist after application can influence the effectiveness of the nematode treatments (Fuxa 1987), Surface application may leave a portion of infective juveniles on or near the surface, thus exposing them to desiccation (Womersley 1990) or the harmful effects of ultraviolet light (Gaugler and Boush 1978). In this study, nematodes persisted for 18-20 d and caused moderate to high (50-97%) mortality of G. mellonella larvae at all dosages and application treatments (Table 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse and Field Evaluations of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for Control of Cabbage Maggot (Diopters: Anthomyiidae) on Cabbage

Schroeder

Ferguson

Shelton

et al. 1996

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Entomopathogenic nematodes-Heterorhabditisbacteriophora Poinar (Oswego strain), Steinemema carpocapsae (Weiser) (NYOOI strain), Steinemema carpocapsae (25 strain), Steinemema feltiae Filipjev (=Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (369 strain), Steinemel1la feltiae (27 strain), and Steinemel1la riobravus Cabanillas and Poinar (355 strain)-were examined for pathogenicity against cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.), larvae in the greenhouse and field. Applications (per plant) of 3,000 and 4,000 infective juveniles of S. feltiae (369 strain), 30,000 infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora (Oswego strain), and 300 and 30,000 infective juveniles of S.feltiae (27 strain) reduced the number of D. radicum that developed to pupae on potted cabbage plants. H. bacteriophora (Oswego) at applications of 3,000 and 30,000 infective juveniles per plant and S.feltiae (27 strain) at applications of 30,000 (but not 3,000) infective juveniles per plant significantly reduced root damage caused by larvae of D. radicum. Logarithmically increased dosages between 100 and 100,000 infective juveniles per plant of S. feltiae (27 strain) linearly reduced the number of D. radicul1l pupae that developed on potted cabbage plants and the damage caused to the roots by D. radicul1llarvae. Root and stem dry weights of cabbage plants infested with D. radicum were significantly greater for plants inoculated with 100,000 infective juveniles of S. feltiae (27 strain) than for plants not inoculated with nematodes. Nematode inoculation did not prevent significant losses in root or stem dry weights at dosages less than 100,000 infective juveniles per plant. Soil surface applications of 100,000 and 200,000 infective juveniles per plant of S. feltiae (27 strain) were more effective than subsurface applications in preventing damage by natural or augmented populations of D. radicum larvae on cabbage in the field. However, mortality rates of wax moth larvae exposed to soil samples treated with S. feltiae (27 strain) suggested that this nematode showed greater persistence when applied beneath rather than on the soil surface. KEY WORDS

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse and Field Evaluations of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for Control of Cabbage Maggot (Diopters: Anthomyiidae) on Cabbage

Schroeder

Ferguson

Shelton

et al. 1996

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…For instance, application of baculoviruses as insecticides can either be inundative, with the objective of a rapid kill time, or low level, with the aim of taking advantage of the natural virus replication. The secondary infection resulting from virus replication can lead to a higher insect mortality overall, but acts only over a longer time-scale (Fuxa, 1987;Hauxwell, 1999). To know whether active therapy may occur in any particular system requires consideration of relative timings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Bacteriophage Therapy as a Density-dependent Kinetic Process

Payne

Jansen

2001

Journal of Theoretical Biology

214

229

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Studies of bacteriophage as therapeutic agents have had mixed and unpredictable outcomes. We argue that interpretation of these apparently paradoxical results requires appreciation of various density-dependent threshold e!ects. We use a mathematical model to delineate di!erent categories of outcome, including therapy by simple inundation, by active biocontrol, and by delayed active biocontrol. Counter-intuitively, there are situations in which earlier inoculation can be less e$cacious, and simultaneous inoculation with antibiotics can be detrimental. Predictions of therapeutic responses are made using formulae dependent on biologically meaningful parameters; experimental measurement of the parameters will be a prerequisite of application of the model to particular study systems. Such modelling can point to which aspects of phage biology might most fruitfully be engineered so as to enhance the viability of bacteriophage therapy.

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“…Conídios de B. bassiana são altamente suscetíveis ao detrimental efeito da luz solar (FARGUES et al, 1996). A luz solar na faixa de 290 a 400 nm pode afetar a persistência dos fungos depositados nas folhagens (FUXA, 1987). Ambientes com temperaturas acima de 35 °C reduzem a persistência, apresentando as temperaturas baixas menores efeitos (McCOY et al, 2006).…”

Section: Persistênciaunclassified

SELEÇÃO DE ISOLADOS DE FUNGOS ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus E AVALIAÇÃO DA PERSISTÊNCIA

Leite¹,

Iede²,

Penteado³

et al. 2011

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ResumoHedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) é a principal praga da cultura da ervamate. Para o seu controle, avaliou-se em laboratório e campo a utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos. Em laboratório, foi avaliada a infectividade de isolados dos fungos Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, 1912; B. brongniartii (Sacc.) conídios/mL, variando de 6x10 5 a 5x10 6 conídios/mL. Foi avaliada a persistência do isolado CG 716 de B. bassiana formulado à base de óleo emulsionável em campo, verificando-se alta mortalidade nas primeiras três semanas após a aplicação do fungo, variando de 95 a 78%, decaindo para 65 a 47%, um e dois meses após a aplicação, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Controle biológico; broca-da-erva-mate; CL 50 . Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi in the control of Hedypathes betulinus and evaluation of persistence.Hedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the main pest of "erva-mate" (Ilex paraguariensis) culture. Focusing its control, it was evaluated in laboratory and field the entomopathogenic fungi using. In laboratory, it was evaluated the infectiveness of the strains of the following fungi: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, B. brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.), Sorokin and Paecilomyces (= Isaria) sp. Bainier, in adults specimen of H. betulinus. The insects were immersed in a conidial suspension at a concentration of 10 7 conidia mL -1 . After the application the insects had been kept at laboratory for mortality register. It was verified that B. bassiana (CG 716) was more infective, reaching to 100% of mortality. It estimated LC 50 of isolated CG 716 of B. bassiana with five concentrations and a variation of l0 5 to l0 9 conidia mL -1, along the control plot. The estimated LC 50 was 2,0 x 10 6 conidia mL -1 , ranging from 6 x 10 5 to 5 x 10 6 conidia mL -1. The persistence of strain CG 716 of B. bassiana -formulate oil was evaluated in field, producing the highest mortality, at the first three weeks after the application of the fungus, with a variance of 95 to 78 %, with a decreasing of 65 to 47% , along one and two months after the application , respectively.

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Ecological Considerations for the use of Entomopathogens in IPM

Cited by 140 publications

References 58 publications

Greenhouse and Field Evaluations of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for Control of Cabbage Maggot (Diopters: Anthomyiidae) on Cabbage

Greenhouse and Field Evaluations of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for Control of Cabbage Maggot (Diopters: Anthomyiidae) on Cabbage

Understanding Bacteriophage Therapy as a Density-dependent Kinetic Process

SELEÇÃO DE ISOLADOS DE FUNGOS ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS PARA O CONTROLE DE Hedypathes betulinus E AVALIAÇÃO DA PERSISTÊNCIA

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