Ecology of Orange-Bellied ParrotsNeophema Chrysogasterat Their Main Remnant Wintering Site

Review of the ecosystem service implications of mangrove encroachment into salt marshes

“…Mangrove encroachment is one of many factors contributing to global declines in the extent of salt marsh (Adam, 2002), For some species, salt marshes are also important feeding habitat. The orange parrot Neophema chrysogaster ("Critically Endangered" under the EPBC Act) feeds largely upon seeds of chenopod shrubs of salt marsh (Spencer 2010) and may roost exclusively within the same shrubs (Loyn, Lane, Chandler, & Carr, 1986). During winter, when food resources may be most scarce, this species migrates to a region where mangrove encroachment is an important driver of salt marsh loss (Saintilan & Williams, 1999 Among mammals, insectivorous bats may be particularly vulnerable to mangrove encroachment.…”

Impact of saltmarsh disturbance on seed quality of Sarcocornia (Sarcocornia quinqueflora), a food plant of an endangered Australian parrot

“…Loyn et al . 's (1986) observations that the birds were found more often in grazed saltmarsh suggests grazing is not detrimental and potentially beneficial.…”

“…The overwintering sites in Victoria are dominated by Sarcocornia ( Sarcocornia quinqueflora ). Seed production of Sarcocornia coincides with the arrival of the birds in March and are thought to be favoured in preference to the seed of Black‐seeded Samphire ( Tecticornia halocnemoides ), and Shrubby Glasswort ( Tecticornia arbuscula , Loyn et al. 1986) which seed later in the season from August to October.…”

“…Some management authorities have advocated livestock grazing as an effective management strategy to improve saltmarsh habitat for Orange‐bellied Parrots. Loyn et al . (1986) observed more Orange‐bellied Parrot in saltmarsh at Point Wilson, Victoria, fed on saltmarsh that had been grazed by sheep and cattle compared to sites that remained ungrazed.…”

Population size, provisioning frequency, flock size and foraging range at the largest known colony of Psittaciformes: the Burrowing Parrots of the north-eastern Patagonian coastal cliffs

“…Cook et al 1984;Boussekey et al 1991;Rowley and Chapman 1991;Pitter and Christiansen 1995;Skead 1964;Wirminghaus et al 2001) or a period of reduced activity (e.g. Hardy 1965;Roth 1984;Loyn et al 1986;Brandt and Machado 1990;Emison and Nicholls 1992;Emison et al 1994;Pizo et al 1997;Hampe 1998), before recommencing activity a few hours before sunset through until sunset. In most studies, the decrease or break in activity appears to occur round the hottest part of the day and is related to the need to avoid activities requiring elevated metabolic rates in that period (see Wyndham 1980;Westcott and Cockburn 1988;Gilardi and Munn 1998).…”