“…Indeed, as emphasized by Granger (2003) and Engle and Manganelli (2004), the time series behavior of quantiles can vary considerably across the distribution because of long memory or non-stationarity. Thus , a Granger causality test in quantiles or tail events not considering a large number of quantiles simultaneously over the distribution support would be too restrictive .Therefore, the application of more reliable granger causality, involving a large number of quantiles (Balcilar et al, 2017;Troster, 2018) has been observed these recent years by researchers from different fields (Alola et al, 2022;Fasanya et al, 2023;Kartal et al, 2023;Lee et al, 2023;Long & Morgan, 2023;Marques & Lima, 2022;Mighri et al, 2022;Mokni & Ajmi, 2021;Raza et al, 2018;Shahzad et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2023).…”