Ecophysiological responses and vulnerability to other pathologies in European chestnut coppices, heavily infested by the Asian chestnut gall wasp

Ugolini, Francesca; Massetti, Luciano; Pedrazzoli, F.; Tognetti, Roberto; Vecchione, A.; Zulini, L.; Maresi, G.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.11.031

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As indicated by the increase in dead shoots when passing from the first to the fourth year of the epidemic under study, possible processes involved in the corruption of branch architecture include the failure of bud production from galled shoots (shoots on galls, Kato and Hijii 1997) and the dieback of infested branches (Maltoni et al 2012a), especially in case of subsequent attacks by secondary or endophytic fungi such as chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica; Meyer et al 2015;Turchetti et al 2010) or chestnut brown rot (Gnomoniopsis spp. ; Ugolini et al 2014;Lione et al 2016).…”

Section: Gall Wasp Damage Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on the chestnut tree: branch architecture matters

et al. 2017

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Dryocosmus kuriphilus has become a major issue for chestnut (Castanea sativa) cultivation since its introduction in Europe. Thus far, however, quantitative assessments of the impact of D. kuriphilus in terms of green biomass loss are lacking. In the present study, we used the leaf area to sapwood area relationship (A L :A S )-based on the pipe model approach as a green biomass indicator-to quantitatively estimate the damage to chestnut trees caused by D. kuriphilus attacks and its recovery when the pest is controlled by Torymus sinensis in the chestnut stands of southern Switzerland. Leaf area loss is used as a response variable to select the most suitable explanatory architectural features at branch level to be combined in a damage index that permits a realistic assessment covering the entire epidemic. In our case study, the peak of the epidemic was reached in the fourth year of repeated D. kuriphilus attacks (leaf area losses exceeding 70%) with significant alterations in branch architecture. Although damage symptoms first decreased once biological control was reached (fifth year), branch architecture recovery was still lacking. From a methodological point of view, our A L :A S approach highlights how traditional methods of assessing the degree of infestation (i.e. proportion of attacked buds) fail to give sound estimations of resulting damage, whereas the proposed composite damage index enables a more realistic assessment of the entire epidemic process, including the recovery phase when the gall wasp is biologically controlled.Keywords Castanea sativa Á Leaf area-sapwood area ratio Á Branch architecture Á Tree damage Á Torymus sinensis Key message• Quantitative estimation of leaf area loss and tree damage due to repeated gall wasp attacks is still lacking. • We used a pipe model approach to estimate the loss in green biomass and related tree damage. • We propose a new damage composite index (DCI) that facilitates a realistic assessment of tree damage during the entire epidemic process. • The DCI may help calibrating the epidemic control measures based on the branch architecture corruption severity. Communicated by A. Battisti.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Gall Wasp Damage Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on the chestnut tree: branch architecture matters

et al. 2017

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“…If fluorescence parameters overcome the threshold for undamaged PSII, this indicates that significant and permanent damage to the photosynthetic system has probably occurred (e.g., Ugolini et al 2014).…”

Section: Field Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the use of large, alternative nursery containers aid in field establishment of Juglans regia and Quercus robur seedlings?

et al. 2015

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Over the last 30 years in Italy, a high percentage of tree plantations have failed to achieve the objective of enhancing the quality of forest products, and also restoring/ rehabilitating abandoned or degraded agricultural lands. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nursery cultivation in large, novel containers and duration of cultivation on early field establishment of 2-year-old seedlings of Quercus robur L. and Juglans regia L. Two sizes (9800 and 15,500 cm 3 ) of a new container (Superoots Air-pot Ò ) and one size (4900 cm 3 ) of a traditional container (Plastecnic Ò ) were tested and seedlings were sampled for shoot and root growth and biomass allocation. Prolonging the cultivation period to 2 years had a positive effect on both species, with a marked increase in above-and belowground biomass, maintaining a desirable balance between shoot and root systems. Both sizes of Air-pots for Q. robur and the bigger Air-pot for J. regia produced seedlings that were taller than 1.5 m, with a low branch component combined with a high frequency of apical dominance. The quantity and size of first order lateral roots varied between years within containers, and increased in deeper substrate layers during the second year. Early field results did not show marked signs of transplanting stress, but with low height growth in all treatments. Seedlings grown in both Air-pots exhibited well-developed and wellstructured root and shoot systems, thus showing promise in the establishment of high quality timber plantations of fine hardwoods; such attributes can be beneficial wherever

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“…are documented as endophytes and are associated with rotten chestnuts in Italy, being in some cases, the most abundant fungus in the old galls (Gentile et al 2009;Magro et al 2010;Vettraino et al 2011;Visentin et al 2012;Vannini et al 2012Vannini et al , 2017Ugolini et al 2014;Lione et al 2016). This fungus was also found in New Zealand (Sogonov et al 2008) in chestnut blight cankers in India (Dar and Rai 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fungi associated with necrotic galls of <i>Dryocosmus kuriphilus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in northern Spain

Fernández¹,

García²,

Casero³

2018

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Presence of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Northern Spain.• The mycobiota associated to necrotic galls was studied for the first time.• 7 fungal species were identified.• The entomopathogenic fungi found could be use as potential biological control agents.• Gnomomiopsis smithogilvyi, Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum known by their toxicity against the insect, were found. AbstractThe Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is one of the most important pests in Castanea species worldwide. In 2012, it was found for the first time in Catalonia (Spain) and a year later, in the north of Spain (Cantabria). Today, it is present in 14 Spanish provinces. In search of biological control against the ACGW, several authors have previously found the relationship between the presence of some Fusarium Link species in necrotic galls and wasp mortality due to the production of different types of wall-degrading enzymes and entomopathogenic mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to investigate the mycobiota associated with necrotic galls to find interesting perspectives for biological control of the ACGW. For this purpose, in 2014, 119 necrotic galls of Castanea sativa Miller were plated to isolate and identify the associated fungi. The fungal isolates were identified by the morphology of the fruiting bodies and DNA analyses. From necrotic galls, 7 species of fungi were identified. Of these, we highlight three species of Fusarium Link as well as the presence of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi Shuttlew, Liew & Guest due to its toxic capacity. Further studies are required to verify the effectiveness of these fungal species as biocontrol agents against the ACGW.

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Ecophysiological responses and vulnerability to other pathologies in European chestnut coppices, heavily infested by the Asian chestnut gall wasp

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Assessing the impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on the chestnut tree: branch architecture matters

Assessing the impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on the chestnut tree: branch architecture matters

Can the use of large, alternative nursery containers aid in field establishment of Juglans regia and Quercus robur seedlings?

Fungi associated with necrotic galls of <i>Dryocosmus kuriphilus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in northern Spain

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