Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management

Pikitch, Ellen K.; Santora, Christine; Babcock, Elizabeth A.; Bakun, Andrew; Bonfil, Ramón; Conover, David O.; Dayton, Paul K.; Doukakis, Phaedra; Fluharty, David; Heneman, Burr; Houde, ED; Link, Jason S.; Livingston, Patricia A.; Mangel, Marc; McAllister, Murdoch K.; Pope, John G.; Sainsbury, Keith

doi:10.1126/science.1098222

Cited by 1,786 publications

(1,143 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The examples provided above makes it increasingly clear that traditional management of marine resources has severe limitations, since it often ignores interactions between the status of coastal habitats and fisheries, cross-system fluxes, predator-prey interactions as well as other ecosystem components (Pikitch et al 2004). EBM may provide a better platform for coastal management, where one of the main objectives should be the incorporation of spatial considerations, as shown by our synthesis.…”

Section: Managing Interactions Between Nearshore Communities and Offsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management

Eriksson

Sieben

Eklöf

et al. 2011

AMBIO

113

144

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By mainly targeting larger predatory fish, commercial fisheries have indirectly promoted rapid increases in densities of their prey; smaller predatory fish like sprat, stickleback and gobies. This process, known as mesopredator release, has effectively transformed many marine offshore basins into mesopredator-dominated ecosystems. In this article, we discuss recent indications of trophic cascades on the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Sweden, where increased abundances of mesopredatory fish are linked to increased nearshore production and biomass of ephemeral algae. Based on synthesis of monitoring data, we suggest that offshore exploitation of larger predatory fish has contributed to the increase in mesopredator fish also along the coasts, with indirect negative effects on important benthic habitats and coastal water quality. The results emphasize the need to rebuild offshore and coastal populations of larger predatory fish to levels where they regain their control over lower trophic levels and important links between offshore and coastal systems are restored.

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Section: Managing Interactions Between Nearshore Communities and Offsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management

Eriksson

Sieben

Eklöf

et al. 2011

AMBIO

113

144

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“…EBFM considers the impact that fishing has on all aspects of the ecosystem, not just the target species (Pikitch et al 2004). Starting from a different perspective, Makler-Pick (2010), has demonstrated the utility of linking an individual-based fish population model with a complex hydrodynamic-food web model (DYRESM-CAEDYM) to explore the impact of fishery management on the water quality of Lake Kinneret (Israel).…”

Section: Modelling Fisheries In An Ecosystem Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

et al. 2010

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A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others ('reinventing the wheel'). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available ('having tunnel vision'). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: superindividual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its 'leading principle', there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single 'right' approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models.

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“…balanced exploitation | biodiversity | sustainability | bycatch | 6-S selection E cosystem-based fishery management (EBFM), also referred to as an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), has been proposed as a more effective and holistic approach for managing world fisheries (1,2). The aim is to sustain healthy marine ecosystems and the fisheries they support by addressing some of the unintended consequences of fishing, such as habitat destruction, incidental mortality of nontarget species, and changes in the structure and function of ecosystems (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a change to the selective fishing philosophy

Zhou

Smith

Punt

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

308

226

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Globally, many fish species are overexploited, and many stocks have collapsed. This crisis, along with increasing concerns over flow-on effects on ecosystems, has caused a reevaluation of traditional fisheries management practices, and a new ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) paradigm has emerged. As part of this approach, selective fishing is widely encouraged in the belief that nonselective fishing has many adverse impacts. In particular, incidental bycatch is seen as wasteful and a negative feature of fishing, and methods to reduce bycatch are implemented in many fisheries. However, recent advances in fishery science and ecology suggest that a selective approach may also result in undesirable impacts both to fisheries and marine ecosystems. Selective fishing applies one or more of the "6-S" selections: species, stock, size, sex, season, and space. However, selective fishing alters biodiversity, which in turn changes ecosystem functioning and may affect fisheries production, hindering rather than helping achieve the goals of EBFM. We argue here that a "balanced exploitation" approach might alleviate many of the ecological effects of fishing by avoiding intensive removal of particular components of the ecosystem, while still supporting sustainable fisheries. This concept may require reducing exploitation rates on certain target species or groups to protect vulnerable components of the ecosystem. Benefits to society could be maintained or even increased because a greater proportion of the entire suite of harvested species is used.balanced exploitation | biodiversity | sustainability | bycatch | 6-S selection

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Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management

Cited by 1,786 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management

Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a change to the selective fishing philosophy

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