“…Application of the monetary valuation of social costs and avoided social costs also depends on the user, goal, scale of the assessment, and the available data (e.g., soil survey databases, intensive field soil sampling data, etc.). For example, Mikhailova et al (2019aMikhailova et al ( , 2019b and Groshans et al (2019), reported monetary values of the avoided social cost of CO 2 emissions from SOC, SIC, and TSC stocks in the contiguous United States by soil order, soil depth, land resource region, state, and region based on data from Guo et al (2006). This type of assessment, using information from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database, has a great degree of generalization which is suitable for country-level valuation but it is of limited application at the field or farm scales.…”