Ecotypic Divergence in Alpine Polemonium viscosum: Genetic Structure, Quantitative Variation, and Local Adaptation

Galen, Candace; Shore, Joel S.; DeYoe, Hudson R.

doi:10.2307/2409729

Cited by 103 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…IntraspeciWc diVerentiation of neutral genetic markers of several plant species has been shown to correlate with these four biogeographic regions (Schönswetter et al 2005) and has likewise been described for C. thyrsoides (Kuss et al unpublished). In our study, a response of SLA to the altitude treatment after 10 weeks of growth in the common garden experiment would indicate phenotypic plasticity, whereas diVerentiation among regions or populations would indicate genetic eVects (Bradshaw 1965(Bradshaw , 1984Galen et al 1991;Sultan 2000). SigniWcant interactions between the altitude treatment and regions or populations would indicate genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Genotypic and environmental variation in specific leaf area in a widespread Alpine plant after transplantation to different altitudes

2010

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SpeciWc leaf area (SLA) is an important plant functional trait as it is an indicator of ecophysiological characteristics like relative growth rate, stress tolerance and leaf longevity. Substantial intraspeciWc variation in SLA is common and usually correlates with environmental conditions. For instance, SLA decreases with increasing altitude, which is understood as adjustment to temperature. It is generally assumed that intraspeciWc variation is mostly the result of environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity, but genetic eVects may also be present, due to local adaptation or genetic drift. In this study, genotypic and environmental eVects on SLA were experimentally separated for the widespread Alpine bell Xower Campanula thyrsoides by transplanting plants to three common gardens at contrasting altitudes (600, 1,235 and 1,850 m a.s.l.). Seeds were sampled from 18 populations in four phylogeographic regions within the European Alps. A strong plastic response was observed: SLA decreased with increasing altitude of the common gardens (22.0% of variation). The phylogeographic regions were diVerentiated in SLA in the common gardens (10.1% of variation), indicating that SLA is at least partly genetically determined. Plants from the six easternmost populations experienced a submediterranean climate and showed decreased SLA values in the three common gardens compared to populations to the west, which may be explained as adaptation to drought. Within these submediterranean populations, SLA decreased with altitude of origin in two out of three common gardens. Concluding, SLA shows strong phenotypic plasticity as well as substantial genetic eVects, the latter probably being the result of adaptation to local conditions rather than genetic drift.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Genotypic and environmental variation in specific leaf area in a widespread Alpine plant after transplantation to different altitudes

2010

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“…Otro atributo que varió con la altitud fue la altura máxima de los cojines, concordando con lo reportado por otros autores (Rochow 1970, Neuffer & Bartelheim 1989, Galen et al 1991, Bauert 1996, Körner 2003. Los cojines de mayor altura fueron encontrados en la población de Gomero, seguido de Cabrero y Laguna del Laja.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Se ha reportado una disminución en la altura de las plantas a mayor altitud en diversos estudios (e.g. Rochow 1970, Neuffer & Bartelheim 1989, Galen et al 1991, Bauert 1996. Los individuos que habitan en zonas alpinas tienden a crecer muy apegados a la superfi cie del suelo, buscando evadir los efectos del fuerte viento y aprovechar la radiación del suelo para alcanzar temperaturas más altas que las del aire (Körner & Larcher 1988, Körner 1999.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Variación en atributos anatómicos asociados a la conducción y almacenamiento de agua, en tres poblaciones de Maihuenia poeppigii (Otto ex Pfeiff.) K. Schum. (Cactaceae) en un gradiente altitudinal

Cabral

Quezada²,

Saldaña³

2016

Gayana Bot.

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Variación en atributos anatómicos asociados a la conducción y almacenamiento de agua, en tres poblaciones de RESUMENLa variabilidad en atributos anatómicos de las plantas podría estar relacionada con las condiciones del medio donde ellas se desarrollan (bajas temperaturas, estrés hídrico, corta estación de crecimiento), y esta variabilidad refl ejaría la capacidad de una especie de establecerse en hábitats que difi eren en la disponibilidad de estas condiciones. Maihuenia poeppigii (Otto ex Pfeiff.) K. Schum. no sólo es una de las especies de la familia Cactaceae con distribución más austral de América, sino que además presenta poblaciones creciendo en un amplio rango altitudinal (aprox. desde 15 hasta 2.600 m s.n.m.), en donde el clima varía notablemente. Este estudio evalúa la variabilidad en atributos anatómicos del tallo, relacionados con la conducción del xilema (densidad, diámetro y conductividad hidráulica relativa de los vasos) y almacenamiento de agua (grado de suculencia del tallo y hojas), de tres poblaciones de M. poeppigii que se encuentran establecidas en un gradiente de altitud en la zona centro sur de Chile. Adicionalmente, se determinó la altura máxima de los cojines de forma de estimar el grado de exposición de estos al ambiente, considerando la variación en la altura de las plantas a mayores altitudes. El promedio de la densidad, diámetro y conductividad hidráulica relativa de los vasos varió signifi cativamente entre las poblaciones de distinta altitud. Con el incremento en la altitud aumentó la densidad de vasos y disminuyó el diámetro y el aporte relativo de los mismos a la conductividad hidráulica. Asimismo, con el aumento en la altitud disminuyó la altura de los cojines y aumentó la suculencia de los tallos. La suculencia de las hojas no difi rió entre las tres poblaciones. La variación encontrada en dichos atributos anatómicos refl eja una estrategia diferencial en la utilización y almacenamiento del agua entre las poblaciones establecidas en el gradiente de altitud. Este patrón de respuestas funcionales puede explicar la capacidad de esta especie de cactácea de ocupar sitios inhóspitos que difi eren en altitud. PALABRAS CLAVE:Gradiente, anatomía del xilema, suculencia, altitud, Chile central. ABSTRACTVariability in anatomical stem traits could be related with the environmental conditions where plants develop (e.g. low temperatures, drought, short growing season), and this variability refl ects the ability of a species to be established in habitats that differ in these conditions. Maihuenia poeppigii (Otto ex Pfeiff.) K. Schum is not only one of the Cactaceae species with the southernmost distribution of America, but also presents populations along a wide range of altitudes (approx. from 15 to 2,600 masl.), where the climate varies greatly. This study evaluates the variability in stem anatomical traits related to xylem conduction (density, diameter and relative hydraulic conductivity of vessels) and to water storage (degree of succulence of stem and leaves), in three populations of M. po...

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“…When phenotypic trait optima differ between environments due to divergent natural selection the resulting trade-offs will lead to variation in the fitness of a particular phenotype across environments, which can be detected by transplanting. In plants this approach has been used to show performance differences of phenotypically differentiated ecomorphs, populations or closely related species across climatic (Ehleringer & Clark 1988), altitudinal (Galen et al . 1991), topographic (Bennington & McGraw 1995), soil (Fritsche & Kaltz 2000), salinity (van Zandt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence and differentiation of ‘flowering stones’: the role of local adaptation to soil microenvironment

Ellis

Weis

2005

Journal of Ecology

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Summary 1In most documented examples of adaptive radiation, the processes driving divergence of phenotypes and, ultimately, speciation remain speculative. The remarkable radiation of the Aizoaceae in the southern African winter-rainfall deserts is no exception. 2 We examined the role of specialization to soil microenvironments in the coexistence and differentiation of the aizoaceous genus Argyroderma , which is confined to quartzlag gravel habitat in southern Africa. 3 We examined patterns of edaphic habitat use and morphological divergence between three sympatrically occurring species (one habitat generalist and two quartz specialists) and used transplant experiments to investigate the extent of local adaptation to quartz microenvironments. 4 Soils utilized by populations of the generalist, A. fissum , and one of the specialists, A. pearsonii , differ significantly in terms of stone content and quartz cover. The soils utilized by the two specialist taxa ( A. pearsonii and A. delaetii ) do not differ significantly in terms of the variables measured, although A. pearsonii consistently uses habitats with higher quartz cover at all contact zones investigated. 5 The three species are clearly separated morphologically. The morphological trend between Argyroderma species occupying sparse ( A. fissum ) and dense ( A. pearsonii and A. delaetii ) quartz habitats is towards reduction in plant size and height (dwarfism), increased levels of submergence, decreased branching, spherical leaf shapes, increased leaf thickness and increased enclosure of the leaf by the old leaf sheaths. The two specialist taxa differ in terms of leaf sheath enclosure, plant submergence and fruit traits. 6 Transplant experiments demonstrate home-site survival advantage in transplants between species occupying sparse and dense quartz habitats as well as between microenvironments within the dense quartz habitat. 7 The results suggest that divergence in potentially functional morphological traits between Argyroderma species occupying different edaphic microenvironments probably results from local adaptation, with coexistence facilitated by response to fine-scale habitat variation. In addition, the results suggest a possible role for edaphic specialization in the evolutionary divergence of Argyroderma and perhaps in the broader radiation of the Aizoaceae in southern Africa.

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Ecotypic Divergence in Alpine Polemonium viscosum: Genetic Structure, Quantitative Variation, and Local Adaptation

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Genotypic and environmental variation in specific leaf area in a widespread Alpine plant after transplantation to different altitudes

Genotypic and environmental variation in specific leaf area in a widespread Alpine plant after transplantation to different altitudes

Variación en atributos anatómicos asociados a la conducción y almacenamiento de agua, en tres poblaciones de Maihuenia poeppigii (Otto ex Pfeiff.) K. Schum. (Cactaceae) en un gradiente altitudinal

Coexistence and differentiation of ‘flowering stones’: the role of local adaptation to soil microenvironment

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